Normal Values

Question 1

Mild Aortic Stenosis - AV Peak Velocity

Answer 1

2.6 - 2.9 m/s

Question 2

Moderate Aortic Stenosis - AV Peak Velocity

Answer 2

3.0 - 3.9 m/s

Question 3

Severe Aortic Stenosis - AV Peak Velocity

Answer 3

> /= 4.0 m/s

Question 4

Mild Aortic Stenosis - AV Mean Pressure Gradient

Answer 4

< 20 mmHg

Question 5

Moderate Aortic Stenosis - AV Mean Pressure Gradient

Answer 5

20 - 40 mmHg

Question 6

Severe Aortic Stenosis - AV Mean Pressure Gradient

Answer 6

> 40 mmHg

Question 7

Mild Aortic Stenosis - Aortic Valve Area (AVA)

Answer 7

> 1.5 cm^2

Question 8

Moderate Aortic Stenosis - Aortic Valve Area (AVA)

Answer 8

1.0 - 1.5 cm^2

Question 9

Severe Aortic Stenosis - Aortic Valve Area (AVA)

Answer 9

< 1.0 cm^2

Question 10

Mild Aortic Regurgitation - Jet Width

Answer 10

< 25% LVOT

Question 11

Moderate Aortic Regurgitation - Jet Width

Answer 11

25-65% LVOT

Question 12

Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Jet Width

Answer 12

> 65% LVOT

Question 13

Mild Aortic Regurgitation - Vena Contracta

Answer 13

3 mm

Question 14

Moderate Aortic Regurgitation - Vena Contracta

Answer 14

3 - 6 mm

Question 15

Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Vena Contracta

Answer 15

> 6 mm

Question 16

Mild Aortic Regurgitation - Pressure Half Time (PHT)

Answer 16

> 500 ms

Question 17

Moderate Aortic Regurgitation - Pressure Half Time (PHT)

Answer 17

200 - 500 ms

Question 18

Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Pressure Half Time (PHT)

Answer 18

< 200 ms

Question 19

Normal CW peak MV velocity

Answer 19

< 1.2 m/s

Question 20

Mild Mitral Stenosis - Mitral Valve Area

Answer 20

> 1.5 cm^2

Question 21

Moderate Mitral Stenosis - Mitral Valve Area

Answer 21

1.0 - 1.5 cm^2

Question 22

Severe Mitral Stenosis - Mitral Valve Area

Answer 22

< 1.0 cm^2

Question 23

Mild Mitral Stenosis - Mean Pressure Gradient

Answer 23

< 5 mmHg

Question 24

Moderate Mitral Stenosis - Mean Pressure Gradient

Answer 24

5 - 10 mmHg

Question 25

Severe Mitral Stenosis - Mean Pressure Gradient

Answer 25

> 10 mmHg

Question 26

Mild Mitral Regurgitation - Vena Contracta

Answer 26

< 3 mm

Question 27

Moderate Mitral Regurgitation - Vena Contracta

Answer 27

3 - 7 mm

Question 28

Severe Mitral Regurgitation - Vena Contracta

Answer 28

> 7 mm

Question 29

Mild Mitral Regurgitation - Regurgitant Volume

Answer 29

< 30 mL/beat

Question 30

Moderate Mitral Regurgitation - Regurgitant Volume

Answer 30

30 - 59 mL/beat

Question 31

Severe Mitral Regurgitation - Regurgitant Volume

Answer 31

>/= 60 mL/beat

Question 32

Mild Mitral Regurgitation - Regurgitant Fraction

Answer 32

< 30%

Question 33

Moderate Mitral Regurgitation - Regurgitant Fraction

Answer 33

30 - 49%

Question 34

Severe Mitral Regurgitation - Regurgitant Fraction

Answer 34

>/= 50%

Question 35

Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure

Answer 35

4(Peak Tricuspid Regurgitant Velocity)^2 + Right Atrial Pressure

Question 36

Normal Diastolic Function - Mitral Inflow

Answer 36

E/A 1.0 - 1.5 | DT >160 ms

Question 37

Impaired Relaxation (Grade I) - Mitral Inflow

Answer 37

E/A < 1.0 | DT > 200 ms

Question 38

Pseudonormal (Diastolic Function) Grade II - Mitral Inflow

Answer 38

E/A 0.8 - 1.5 | DT 160 - 200 ms

Question 39

Restrictive Diastolic Function Reversible(III) & Fixed(IV) - Mitral Inflow

Answer 39

E/A > 2.0 | DT < 160 ms

Question 40

Normal RVSP

Answer 40

< 35 mmHg

Question 41

Mild Pulmonary Hypertension - RVSP

Answer 41

35 - 45 mmHg

Question 42

Moderate Pulmonary Hypertension - RVSP

Answer 42

46 - 60 mmHg

Question 43

Severe Pulmonary Hypertension - RVSP

Answer 43

> 60 mmHg

Question 44

Normal Aortic Annulus Diameter

Answer 44

< 2.6 cm

Question 45

Normal Sinus of Valsalva Diameter

Answer 45

< 3.5 cm

Question 46

Normal Sino-tubular Junction Diameter

Answer 46

< 3.0 cm

Question 47

Normal Ascending Aorta Diameter

Answer 47

< 3.5 cm

Question 48

Normal Left Atrial Volume

Answer 48

< 34 mL/m^2

Question 49

Normal Right Atrial Volume

Answer 49

< 32 mL/m^2

Question 50

Normal Right Ventricle Diameter - Base

Answer 50

< 3.7 cm

Question 51

Normal Right Ventricle Diameter - Mid

Answer 51

< 3.1 cm

Question 52

Normal Right Ventricle - Wall Thickness

Answer 52

< 4 mm

Question 53

Normal Tricuspid Annular Plane Excursion (TAPSE)

Answer 53

> 1.7 mm

Question 54

Normal Right Atrial Pressure (0-5 (3) mmHg)

Answer 54

IVC Diameter < 2.1 cm | Collapse > 50%

Question 55

Intermediate Right Atrial Pressure (5-10 (8) mmHg)

Answer 55

``` IVC Diameter < 2.1 cm Collapse < 50% OR IVC Diameter > 2.1 cm Collapse > 50% ```

Question 56

High Right Atrial Pressure (15 mmHg)

Answer 56

IVC Diameter > 2.1 cm | Collapse < 50%

Question 57

Teicholz - Normal LV Internal Diameter in Diastole

Answer 57

< 55 mm

Question 58

Teicholz - Normal Diastolic Wall Thickness

Answer 58

6 - 10 mm

Question 59

Teicholz - Normal Fractional Shortening

Answer 59

25 - 45%

Question 60

Pulmonic Valve Acceleration Time - Normal

Answer 60

> 130 msec

Question 61

Normal LV Septum and Posterior Wall Thickness (cm)

Answer 61

Men (0.6 - 1.0) Women (0.6 - 0.9)

Question 62

Mild Hypertrophy of LV Septum and Posterior Wall (cm)

Answer 62

Men (1.1 - 1.3) Women (1.0 - 1.2)

Question 63

Moderate Hypertrophy of LV Septum and Posterior Wall (cm)

Answer 63

Men (1.4 - 1.6) Women (1.3 - 1.5)