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Rad 360 > Normal Tissue Consequences > Flashcards

Normal Tissue Consequences Flashcards

1
Q

osteonecrosis

A

bone death

- in adults after 60Gy (femoral head)

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2
Q

In children, you have to treat the growth plate ____.

A

evenly

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3
Q

The pelvis contains about ___% of functioning bone marrow in adults.

A

25%

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4
Q

Genital Organs:

Permanent Sterility unavoidable at

A

1500-2000 cGy

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5
Q

What is one way to get ovaries out of the radiation field?

A

ovaries can be surgically moved

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6
Q

Testes are less often exposed because

A
  1. can remove teste

2. treat pelvic lymph node

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7
Q

what percent of the dose reaches the teste?

A

10% from internal scatter

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8
Q

by how much can you reduce scatter to the testes if a shield is used?

A

1-3%

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9
Q

what kind of cells do testes house?

A

leukemic

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10
Q

scar tissue can destroy upper vagina and ___

A

lose patency

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11
Q

should avoid irradiation _______ weeks after surgery

A

6-8 weeks

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12
Q

In females, _____ is rare , but can have it from recurrence of tumor

A

stenosis

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13
Q

normal capacity of bladder

A

400cc

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14
Q

fistulas form at ____ doses

A

high

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15
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the intestine

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16
Q

What is one reason to stop treatment of the small intestine

A

severe acute enteritis

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17
Q

What part of the large intestine should be avoided at all costs?

A

anus because of the sphincter

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18
Q

in the rectum, stenosis can ____

A

make you have the feeling to deficate

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19
Q

If 75% or more of the liver receives 3000-3500, there is a great risk of ____

A

liver failure

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20
Q

Liver doses can cause ___

A

acute hepatitis

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21
Q

kidney causes ___

A

high BP

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22
Q

Adrenal glands: TD 5/5?

A

Don’t know what it would be because it is right on top of the kidney.

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23
Q

pancreas

A

“silent killer”

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24
Q

spleen

A

can cause alterations in the blood count and immune system

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25
Q

Thorax

A

receives more radiation than any other area of the body

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26
Q

How can pneumonitis be treated?

A

steroids, relieve symptoms

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27
Q

resp system:

can develop radiation fibrosis

A

increases risk of infection

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28
Q

chemo+radiation =

A

more sensitive

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29
Q

higher daily doses of radiation=

A

more severe pain

30
Q

hypofractionization

A

higher dose, less fractions

31
Q

hyperfractionization

A

lower dose, more fractions

32
Q

Effects of rad of esophagus

A

loses elasticity

33
Q

myocardium

A

interstitial fibrosis

-reduces cardiac function=myocardial infarction

34
Q

acute pericarditis

A

may appear 1 year post treatment

anterior chest pain, sob, low grade fever

35
Q

chronic pericarditits

A

can impede filling affect which can reduce cardiac output

36
Q

2 cardio toxic chemo drugs

A

doxirubicin

adriamycin

37
Q

chemo drugs along with rad therapy can cause

A

CHF

38
Q

late reaction of rad treatment to ribs

A

fractures

39
Q

treating breast before puberty can

A

hinder development

40
Q

moderate skin erythema

A

dry desquamation, mild tenderness

41
Q

treatment can make the breast ___&_____

A

smaller and harder

skin changes

42
Q

brachial plexus:

takes about ____for side effects to show up

A

1 year or more

43
Q

brachial plexus

A

bundle of nerves around the shoulder

pass through supraclavicular region

44
Q

how long does it take for spinal cord injuries to show up post rad

A

8-48 months

45
Q

Lhermittes syndrome

A

electrical shocks going down legs (weeks after rad treatment)

46
Q

Head and neck treatments

A

harder for pt
-swallowing
-nutritional intake
lifestyle changes: smoking and drinking

47
Q

mouth:

rad causes ___

A

dental decay

48
Q

may prescribe for mouth

A

fluoride treatments

anti fungal cream

49
Q

lead shield over teeth causes

A

more dose to area

more scatter

50
Q

for shield, need to use something with lower z number

A

like wax

51
Q

higher rad doses in ear

A

late symptoms

52
Q

eyes: over time with low doses

A

glaucoma - anterior chamber of the eye

53
Q

fibrosis in eye

A

causes obstruction
causes watery eyes
*can dilate duct

54
Q

pterygoid muscle

A

opens and closes mouth

55
Q

thyroid gland

A

fatigue, weakness, hair loss, memory loss,

hypothyroidism

56
Q

Pituitary glad

A

normal function decrease around 55-60

impair gonads, thyroid, adrenal function

57
Q

tumoritis

A

borders of tumor can be more defined- may have to change the treatment plan

58
Q

CNS

A

Very sensitive

59
Q

brain tumors in 2 years of life

A

rare

60
Q

moderate or severe handicaps will follow in about __%

A

33%

61
Q

how to receive brain symptoms

A

higher dose/ fx

62
Q

When you lose hair it usually comes in much

A

finer

63
Q

when do they lose hair

A

around fx 10 or 12
(2 weeks)
skull radionecrosis

64
Q

extremities

A

lymph edema
don’t want to treat entire ext
could get subcutaneous fibrosis

65
Q

lower extremities avoided in elderly

A

diabetic?

66
Q

avoid in children- lower extremity

A 
growth plate (epiphysis)
could stunt growth
67
Q

upper extremity

A

lymph edema

68
Q

Total Body irradiation

A

TBI

whole body at once

69
Q

Low Dose

A

CLL
(Chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
sytemic, don’t see much anymore
*not curative

70
Q

High Dose

A

*can be lethal
bidaily (6 hours inbetween)
less toxicity to pt
AP/PA blocks on lungs

Rad 360 (5 decks)

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