Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dysphagia > Normal Swallowing > Flashcards

Normal Swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the traditional stages?

A
  1. Oral Preparatory
  2. Oral Phase
  3. Pharyngeal Phase
  4. Esophageal Phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens in the oral preparatory phase of normal swallowing?

A

Accepting food/drink and/or forming a bolus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens in the oral phase of normal swallowing?

A

anterior to posterior propulsion of the bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal phase of normal swallowing?

A

The swallow is triggered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens in the esophageal phase of normal swallowing?

A

The bolus travels through the esophagus into the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False: there is a large variability between and among individuals in the physiology of mastication?

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The more contemporary view sees normal swallowing as a series of ________?

A

physiological processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is lip closure?

A

The ability of the lips to approximate with enough force to contain a bolus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does lip closure contribute to?

A

The generation of intraoral pressure. This is necessary for efficient transportation of the bolus through the oral cavity and beyond.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cranial nerves are involved with lip closure?

A

Motor: CN VII: Facial
Sensory: CN V: Trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the muscles involved with lip closure?

A
  • Oribicularis oris
  • Levator labii supperior
  • Levator labii superior alaeque nasi
  • levator anguli oris
  • zygomatics minor
  • zygomatics major
  • risorius
  • depressor anguli oris
  • depressor labii inferiori
  • mentalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a muscular hydrostat?

A

A biological structure found in animals and is used to manipulate items or to move its host and consists mainly of muscles with no skeletal support. It performs its hydraulic movement with fluid in a separate compartment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What muscle is known as a muscular hydrostat?

A

the tongue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is tongue control?

A

The ability of the tongue to contain the bolus.

  • elevation and approximation of anterior, lateral, and posterior margins of the tongue to the hard and soft palate, as well as the teeth or gums.
  • sensation to tongue is vital.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles?

A
  1. Superior longitudinal
  2. Inferior longitudinal
  3. Transverse
  4. Vertical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are the intrinsic tongue muscles innervated?

A 
Motor: CN XII (Facial)
Sensory: anterior 2/3; taste - CN XII
General - V (trigeminal)
Posterior 1/3: CN IX
Base: CN X
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Shapes the tongue to hold and control the bolus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the soft palate muscle?

A

Tensor veli paltini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the soft palate?

A

CN V (trigeminal)

20
Q

What are the two extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Palatoglossus and genioglossus

21
Q

What nerves innervate the palatoglossus?

A

Motor: X (Vagus)
Sensory: IX (glossopharyngeal)

22
Q

What nerves innervate the genioglossus?

A

Motor and Sensory: XII (Facial)

23
Q

What are the two suprahyoid muscles?

A

Geniohyoid and mylohyoid

24
Q

What nerve innervates the geniohyoid?

A

CI (cervical nerve 1)

25
Q

What nerve innervates the mylohyoid?

A

CN V (Trigeminal)

26
Q

What is the function of the soft palate muscle?

A

stiffens the soft palate for posterior containment.

27
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus?

A

Raises the back of the tongue and brings down the palate

28
Q

What is the function of the genioglossus?

A

Shapes the tongue to hold the bolus.

29
Q

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

stabilizes the floor of the mouth.

30
Q

Bolus preparation and mastication process:

A
  1. The bolus is mixed with saliva and pushed to the teeth.

2. Rotatory jaw movement break down the bolus into pieces

31
Q

True or false: coordinated tongue movement is not required for mastication

A

False. Coordinated tongue movement is needed for bolus preparation and mastication.

32
Q

Bolus preparation and mastication are the beginning of the ______ process.

A

digestive

33
Q

Mastication is modulated by a ________ ______ ____ located in the brainstem.

A

central pattern generator

34
Q

Mastication process

A

The tongue transports the food from the front of the mouth to the post-canine teeth and then the bolus is processed by mastication cycles until the food is softened appropriately.
Saliva is being produced throughout.

35
Q

Larger particles are further broken down into smaller particles by the _______ ______.

A

premolar teeth.

36
Q

Do people have a preference for slow or fast chewing?

A

slow chewing

37
Q

True or false: There is a large standard deviation in the number of chewing cycles people have.

A

True

38
Q

The urge to swallow seems to be triggered by the ____ and _____

A

size of the food particles and lubrication

39
Q

Variables that explain differences in the pattern of mastication are

A
  • subject themselves
  • age
  • type of food being eaten
  • time during a sequence of movements
40
Q

A bolus may accumulate in the ______ for several seconds before the swallow

A

vallecula

41
Q

True or false? People with dentures have a sensory advantage in mastication

A

False. There are neural connections between periodontal sensory nuclei and the muscles of mastication, providing a sensory advantage to dentate individuals.

42
Q

Denture wears display longer ____ times and swallow ______ particle sizes

A

chewing, larger

43
Q

What does saliva do?

A

Adequate saliva is essential for efficient mastication as the water in saliva moistens the food particles, whereas the salivary mucins bind masticated food into a coherent and slippery bolus that can be easily swallowed

44
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

Dry mouth/oral cavity

45
Q

When does the pharyngeal swallow start?

A

When the hyoid bone moves.

Dysphagia (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions