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Periodontics > Normal Periodontium > Flashcards

Normal Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

Vermillion Border

A

Edge of “lip”, outermost border of alumentary canal.

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2
Q

Masticatory Mucosa

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The dorsum of the tongue, hard palate and attached gingiva

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3
Q

Lining mucosa

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Buccal mucosa (cheeks), labial mucosa (lips)

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4
Q

Specialized mucosa

A

Dorsum of tongue, taste buds on lingual papillae

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5
Q

Rete pegs

A

Downward thickening of epidermis between the dermal papillae

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6
Q

Layers of gingival epithelium

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, keratin layer. Cells divide at SB, are dead by SC

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7
Q

Basement membrane

A

Series of proteins that hold epidermis to connective tissue. Some fibers reach from CT to E, some anastomose (network)

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8
Q

Parakeratinized epithelium

A

Epithelial tissue that has keratin, but not complete layer. Usually a healing site or reaction to environment.

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9
Q

Langerhans Cell

A

Dentritic cells (Antigen Presenting Cells) that initiate immune response. Can be found among keratinocytes

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10
Q

Attached Gingiva

A

Attached to bone, has rete peg tissue

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11
Q

Unattached (Marginal, Free) Gingiva

A

At margin of teeth and gingiva

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12
Q

Interdental Gingiva

A

Between teeth

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13
Q

Cementum

A

Calcified outermost layer of teeth roots

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14
Q

Periodontal ligament

A

Holds root of teeth to gingiva

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15
Q

Alveolar supporting bone

A

Bone that surrounds roots, part of periodontium

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16
Q

Not included in periodontium

A

Enamel, dentin, pulp, surrounding bone of alveolar process

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17
Q

Functions of periodontium

A

Tooth support, shock absorber, sensory receptor, nutritive

Attach, Resist, Maintain, Adjust, Defend

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18
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Cells that produce keratin

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19
Q

Desmosomes

A

“Spot welds” between epithelial cells

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20
Q

Tonofilaments

A

Made of tonofibrils, which are made of keratin, attach desmosomes and hemidesmosomes to cytoskeleton

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21
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

attach gingiva to enamel like suction cups

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22
Q

Gingival sulcus

A

Gap between marginal gingiva and tooth enamel. Base formed by coronal aspect of junctional epithelium, wall of sulcus non-keratinized

23
Q

Gingival Biotypes of Free gingiva

A

Thin scalloped - mostly in females, slender teeth, narrow zone of keratinized gingiva
Thick Flat - mostly in males, quadratic teeth, wide zone of KG

24
Q

Gingival Crevicular Fluid

A

Fluid in sulcus that cleanses area, aids in adhesion of epithelium to tooth, has antimicrobial properties and exerts antibody activity. Has molecules with high molecular weight to draw fluid from CT to sulcus

25
Q

Transudate

A

Increased volume of GCF, indicates pre-inflammatory conditions

26
Q

Exudate

A

High volume of GCF indicates inflammation

27
Q

What is GCF made of?

A

Host and Bacteria derived enzymatic components

Nonenzymatic components - Cellular components, electrolytes, organic components

28
Q

Facial attached gingiva measurements

A 
Maxillary average width
- Incisors - 3.5 to 4.4 mm
- Premolar - 1.9 mm
Mandibular avg. width
- incisors - 3.3 to 3.9 mm
- Premolar 1.8 mm
29
Q

Palatal rugae

A

Heavily keratinized attached tissue, washboard to help break up food

30
Q

Interdental papillae

A

Gingiva between teeth.

31
Q

Papilla and contact point

A

If contact point is 5mm or less from alveolar bone, interdental papillae fills in 100% of time. If contact point is 6 mm from bone, papillae fill in 56% of the time

32
Q

Diastema

A

Gap between teeth, no papilla

33
Q

Col

A

Depression on coronal aspect of interdental papillae made of collagen and other fibers that hold buccal and lingual portions together. Tends to trap bacteria

34
Q

Junctional Epithelium

A

Epileilial lining from base of sulcus to the cementum. Derived from Reduced Enamel Epithelium. Has 2 basal lamina - one attaches to enamel, one attaches to CT. Heals quickly.

35
Q

Reduced Enamel Epithelium

A

Epithelium covering crown of developing tooth pre-eruption, transforms into sqaumous epithelial cells that form junctional epithelium and dentogingival junction. Final conversion may take 3-4 years post eruption

36
Q

Gingival Lamina Propria

A

Dense connective tissue beneath masticatory mucosa
Papillary layer - forms finger-like extensions between rete ridges
Reticular layer - located beneath the rete ridges
Connective tissue determines differentiation of epithelium

37
Q

Gingival fiber groups

A

Circular group - wraps around tooth horizontally
Dentogingival group - binds from tooth to gingiva
Dentoperiostial group - binds from tooth around top of alveolar bone
Alveologingival Group - binds from top of alveolar bone into gingiva

38
Q

Composition of gingival CT

A

5% cells
65% fibers
30% proteoglycans, glycoproteins and ground substance

39
Q

Cellular elements of CT

A

Fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondroblasts, mast cells, adipose, eosinophils, neutrophils, plasma cells, langerhans cells etc.

40
Q

Fiber elements of CT

A

Collagen (Type I and III), elastic fibers and oxytalan fibers (type of elastic fiber)

41
Q

Periodontal Ligament

A

Suspends and maintains tooth in socket. Fibers from bone meet with fibers from cementum.

42
Q

Sharpey’s Fibers

A

PDL fibers, clump in groups when originating from bone, less grouped when originating in cementum

43
Q

Thickness of PDL

A

Varies from 0.1-0.25 mm.
Widest during heavy occlusion, thinner in nonfunctional teeth.
2-3 micrometer at eruption.

44
Q

Cementum

A

Hard, bone-like mineralized tissue surrounding root of tooth

45
Q

Cementoenamel junction types

A

Overlaps enamel - 60-65%
Does not meet enamel (dentin exposed) - 5-10%
Meets enamel at butt joint - 30%

46
Q

Alveolar bone

A

Surrounds and supports roots of teeth.
Extraction leads to bone resorption
Cortical bone outermost, harder
Cancellous bone interior, softer

47
Q

Alveolar bone proper

A

Bony socket that houses root, has large pores for blood vessels, origination of PDL fibers

48
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact bone that forms hard outside wall of jaws, supports alveolar bone

49
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy, lattice-like bone filler between cortical bone and alveolar bone proper

50
Q

Periosteum

A

Layers of connective soft tissue covering outer surface of bone, consists of collagen and elastic fibers, contains nerves

51
Q

3 sources of vascular supply of periodontium

A

Apical vessels
Penetration through alveolar bone
Anastomosis from gingiva

52
Q

Oral Pigmentation

A

Common among different races and genetic backgrounds. Can be caused by diseases, cancer, amalgam, etc.

53
Q

Focal Argyrosis

A

Amalgam Tattoo

54
Q

Smoker’s Melanosis

A

Melanocytes stimulated by nicotine

Periodontics (1 decks)

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