Normal perio

Question 1

Characteristics of masticatory epithelium

Answer 1

Kerarinized, rete pegs

Question 2

What are rete pegs?

Answer 2

Thickening fingers of epithelium into connective tissue

Question 3

What holds tissue cells together?

Answer 3

desmosomes

Question 4

Why would cells be parakeratinized?

Answer 4

Reactive tissue at healing sites

Question 5

What are langerhan cells?

Answer 5

Dentritic antigen processing cells

Question 6

What are the components of peridontium?

Answer 6

Gingiva (attached, unattached, interdental)
Cementum
Periodontal ligament
Alveolar supporting bone

Question 7

What does the periodontal ligament do?

Answer 7

Anchors, Allows for movement, proprioception (biting etc)

Question 8

What are the functions of periodontium in general?

what are the 5 functions?

Answer 8

Support
Shock absorber
Sensory reception
Nutrition

1) attach
2) resist
3) maintain
4) adjust
5) defend

Question 9

What are the gingival epithelial components?

Answer 9

Keratinocytes
Desmosomes
Tonofilaments
Basal lamina
Hemidesmosomes

Question 10

What are the 4 anatomical areas of the gingiva?

Answer 10

Free gingiva margin
Gingival sulcus (pockets are diseased)
Interdental gingiva
Attached gingiva

Question 11

What are the three types of oral mucosa?

Answer 11

Masticatory mucosa
Lining mucosa
Specialized mucosa

Question 12

What gingival boundaries are there?

Answer 12

Free gingival line (between free gingiva and attached gingiva)

Mucogingival junction (between alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva)

Question 13

Where is the free gingiva/gingival margin?

Answer 13

Snugly fitting around the tooth coronal to the CEJ

Question 14

What part of the free gingiva is keratinized?

Answer 14

Inside is not, outside is

Question 15

What are the two gingival biotypes?

Answer 15

Thin scalloped

Thick flat

Question 16

3 stats of thin biotype gingiva

Answer 16

Mainly females
Slender teeth
Narrow zone of KG

Question 17

3 stats of thick biotype gingiva

Answer 17

Mainly males
Quadratic teeth
Wide zone of KG

Question 18

How deep is clinically a normal sulcus?

Answer 18

1-3 mm as measured by a probe

Question 19

What forms the base of the sulcus?

Answer 19

Junctional epithelium

Question 20

Characteristics of sulcular epithelium

Answer 20

Non keratinized

Semipermeable

Question 21

What four things does gingival crevicular fluid do?

Answer 21

Cleanse gingival sulcus
Aids adhesion to tooth
Antimicrobial
Antibody activity to defend gingiva

Question 22

What causes fluid to flow into sulcus?

Answer 22

Osmotic pressure created by molecules and bacteria in sulcus

Question 23

Pre inflammatory GCF fluid is?

Answer 23

Transduate-watery

Question 24

Inflammatory GCF fluid is?

Answer 24

Exudate-thicker, containing more cells

Question 25

What are the two compositional categories of GCF?

Answer 25

Enzymatic | Non enzymatic

Question 26

What are the enzymatic components of GCF split into?

Answer 26

Host derived | Bacteria derived

Question 27

What are the non enzymatic components of GCF split into?

Answer 27

Cellular components Electrolytes Organic components

Question 28

What is stippling?

Answer 28

Orange peel appearance which is a reflection of rete pegs

Question 29

What are the average width ranges for maxillary incisors and premolars?

Answer 29

Incisor: 3.5-4.4 mm Premolars: 1.9 mm

Question 30

What are the average width ranges for mandibular incisors and premolars?

Answer 30

Incisors: 3.3-3.9 mm Premolars: 1.8 mm

Question 31

What are the ridges called in palatal attached tissue?

Answer 31

Rugae

Question 32

What 3 factors largely determine shape of interdental gingiva?

Answer 32

1-relationship to teeth 2-genetics 3-state of health

Question 33

What contact distance from the bone is required for 100% interproximal fill of interdental gingiva?

Answer 33

5 mm or less

Question 34

Interdental gingiva papilla are less likely to fill interproximal space if the contact point is where?

Answer 34

6 mm or more

Question 35

What are the characteristics of a Col?

Answer 35

Depression between facial and lingual interdental gingiva Center is not keratinized More susceptible to disease

Question 36

What is junctional epithelium derived from?

Answer 36

Reduced enamel epithelium (REE)

Question 37

How long is the typical junctional | Epithelial cell length?

Answer 37

0.25-1.35 mm

Question 38

What are the two different laminas of the junctional epithelium?

Answer 38

Internal basal lamina (attaches to enamel) | External basal lamina (attaches to CT)

Question 39

What are the three main components of the basal laminas of junctional epithelium?

Answer 39

Lamina densa Lamina Lucida Hemidesmosomes

Question 40

What is the junctional epithelium reinforced by?

Answer 40

Dentogingival units made up of collagenous fibers

Question 41

What are the two distinct layers of the masticatory mucosal lamina propia?

Answer 41

``` Papillary layer (in depressions between rete pegs) Reticular layer (beneath rete pegs) ```

Question 42

What are the 4 main gingival fiber groups?

Answer 42

1- circular group 2- dentogingival group 3- dentoperiosteal group 4- alveologingival group

Question 43

What are the percentages of the major cellular elements in gingival CT?

Answer 43

Cells- approx 5% Fibers- approx 65% Ground substance, proteoglycans etc. remainder

Question 44

What fiber types are present in gingival CT?

Answer 44

Collagen (types 1 and 2) Elastic fibers Oxytalan fibers

Question 45

Which side are more numerous but smaller groupings of fibers found?

Answer 45

Cementum side

Question 46

What is the thickness range of a normal periodontal ligament?

Answer 46

0.1-0.25 mm

Question 47

What are the main 3 connective tissue cells found in periodontal ligament?

Answer 47

Fibroblasts Cementoblasts/clasts Osteoblasts/clasts

Question 48

What are rest cells of malassez?

Answer 48

REE remnants that can be stimulated by inflammation and become problematic

Question 49

What are 5 features of the cementum?

Answer 49

``` 1-Thin hard mineralized tissue 2-light yellow 3-overlies dentin 4-bone like but more resistant to resorption 5-does not have its own blood supply ```

Question 50

What 4 main bone types are important in periodontics?

Answer 50

1-alveolar bone proper(cribiform plate) 2-cortical bone 3-cancellous bone 4-periosteum

Question 51

What drug can stimulate melanin?

Answer 51

Nicotine