Normal Parameters

Question 1

On L LAT - Describe Fundus, Pylorus, Ascending Colon + R Transverse Colon opacities

Answer 1

Fundus - Fluid Filled
Pylorus - Gas filled
Ascending Colon + R Transverse Colon - Gas Filled

Question 2

On R LAT - Describe Fundus, Pylorus, Descending Colon + L Transverse Colon opacities

Answer 2

Fundus - Gas opacity
Pylorus - Fluid filled
Descending Colon + L Transverse Colon - Gas Opacity

Question 3

Describe RAD Changes with Increased Abdominal Fat

Answer 3

Increased visibility of abdominal structures, larger retroperitoneal space, pendulous abdominal wall ventrally

Question 4

How to measure Gastric Axis and describe on LAT and VD View

Answer 4

Gastric Axis = central fundus to pylorus
LAT = b/w parallel to ribs and vertical to spine
VD = 90 degrees to spine

Question 5

Describe RAD signs of Hepatomegaly

Answer 5

• Caudal displacement of gastric axis
• Subjectively more liver seen on both LAT + VD
• LAT view = rounding of caudoventral liver margin
• VD = U shape stomach bc of medial displacement of fundus and pylorus

Question 6

Hepatomegaly Ddx

Answer 6

Endocrine - DM, hyperadrenocorticism
Diffuse Inflammation = hepatitis
Diffuse Infiltrative Disease = Neoplasia, infectious
Congestion = RCHF
Lipidosis

Question 7

Describe RAD signs of Microhepatica and list some Ddx

Answer 7

Congenital PSS
Cirrhosis
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Normal Variant

Question 8

State Normal Parameters of Stomach

Answer 8

Gastric axis (central fundus to pylorus) - LAT = parallel to ribs, VD = perpendicular to spine
Stomach wall = uniform, <1 rib width
Position = fundus (<3 ICS) Pylorus (smaller than fundus + 1/2 width stomach body)
Contents = fluid + gas mix
Shape = peristalsis, therefore shape should alter b/w view

Question 9

What is ‘Gravel Sign’ and Ddx

Answer 9

Soft tissue opacity with mixed mineral opacities throughout = indicates chronic outflow obstruction
Ddx:
- Pyloric stenosis, FB, pyloric hypertrophic, mass on stomach wall

Question 10

State difference b/w Gastric Dilation vs Gastric Dilation Volvulus

Answer 10

Both = large gas filled stomach
GDV
- R LAT = tubular gas filled pylorus on dorsal left –> Smurf hat

Question 11

State SI Parameters

Answer 11

<1.6x height of L5 at narrowest point
<2-3 Rib width

Question 12

Describe the following SI RADs Changes and Ddx
- Stacked Loops
- Bunching/Gathering
- Soft Tissue Tubular Mass

Answer 12

Stacked loops = layered parallel hair pin gas dilation turns –> ddx = mechanical intestinal obstruction
Bunching/Gathering = tear drop or C shape gas opacities –> Ddx = partial obstruction, linear FB, serial adhesion
Soft Tissue Tubular Mass Ddx = intussusception or SI Wall thickening

Question 13

State normal LI (Caecum + Colon) Size

Answer 13

<L7 Length

Question 14

State normal Kidney Parameters

Answer 14

At level of T13-14
VD - length 2.5-3.5x L2
Width =2xL2
Bean shape, smooth, well-defined, soft-tissue opacity