Normal Integumentary

Question 1

List the 6 functions of the integumentary system

Answer 1

Barrier
Immunologic
Homeostasis
Sensory
Endocrine
Excretion

Question 2

Layers of epidermis from bottom to top

Answer 2

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidium (only in thick skin)
startum corneum

Question 3

Epidermis has what type of cells?

Answer 3

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells

Question 4

Does the epidermis have a blood supply?

Answer 4

No- it is asvascular, but receives nutrients from the dermis

Question 5

Stratum basale

Answer 5

• single row of keratinocytes

- has melanocytes and merkel cells

Question 6

stratum spinosum

Answer 6

• melanin granules
• cells start to flatten
• Langerhans’ cells

Question 7

Stratum granulosum

Answer 7

• 3-5 layers thick
• flattened, nuclei begin to disappear
• last level to get nourishment from dermis

Question 8

stratum lucidium

Answer 8

• ONLY IN THICK SKIN

- flattened, dead keratinocytes

Question 9

stratum corenum

Answer 9

• 75% of epidermal mass
• protect skin from penetration
• glycolipids waterproof this layer

Question 10

Dermis- tissue type

Answer 10

Dense connective tissue

Question 11

Function of dermis

Answer 11

• Mechanical support
• Strength
• Thickness to skin
• Vascular

Question 12

Two layers of dermis

Answer 12

• Papillary layer

- Reticular layer

Question 13

Papillary layers of dermis

Answer 13

• Loose connective tissue

- nipple like projection into epidermis (dermal papillae)

Question 14

Reticular layer of dermis

Answer 14

• 80% of dermis

- dense, irregular connective tissue and collagen fibers

Question 15

Hypodermis

Answer 15

• Subcutaneous fascia

- Variable amount of adipose tissue separated by connective tissue septa

Question 16

Exoreceptors in the skin

Answer 16

• Free nerve endings
• Pacinian corpuscle
• Meissner’s corpuscle
• Ruffini corpuscle

Question 17

Free nerve endings

Answer 17

end in stratum granulosum, fine touch, hair movement

Question 18

Pancinian corpuscle

Answer 18

• Deep in dermis and hypodermis
• On finger tips
• Sense pressure and vibration

Question 19

Meissner’s corpuscle

Answer 19

touch receptors and sensitive to low frequency stimuli in hairless skin of lips ant/post skin of hand and feet(fingers and toes)

Question 20

Ruffini corpuscle

Answer 20

• Simple mechanoreceptor

- Respond to displacement of the connective tissue induced by sustained or continuous mechanical stress

Question 21

Hair follicles

Answer 21

• Lined by epidermis that is continuous with surface

- smooth muscle is attached- Arrector Pili

Question 22

Sebaceous gland

Answer 22

• Associated w/ hair follicles or empty directly onto skin

- Sebum keeps hair and skin soft and helps prevent water loss

Question 23

Eccrine (merocrine) glands

Answer 23

• All over body
• Secretes sweat through pores directly onto body
• respond to temperature and emotions
• Under control of SNS

Question 24

Apocrine glands

Answer 24

• Located in axillae, face, scalp, external genitalia

- empties sweat into hair follicles –> skin

Question 25

Eccrine sweat glands are stimulated by

Answer 25

• sympathetic portion of ANS

- cholingergic transmitters

Question 26

Apocrine glands trans stimulated by

Answer 26

• Sympathetic portion of ANS

- adrenergic transmitters

Question 27

Do apocrine gland respond to heat?

Answer 27

No- they only respond to emotional and sensory stimuli

Question 28

What two layers of the epidermis and continuous with the nail bed

Answer 28

stratum basale and stratum spinosum

Question 29

What is a blister?

Answer 29

Seperation of the epidermis and dermis

Question 30

What is a flexure line?

Answer 30

Joint lines where dermis has been modified for function

Question 31

Keratinocytes

Answer 31

• Produce keratin
• Most common cell in epidermis
• Arise from stratum basasle
• Under continuous mitosis

Question 32

Melanocytes

Answer 32

Specialized epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin
Spider-like cells

Question 33

Langerhans cells

Answer 33

Arise from bone marrow then move to epidermis

Macrophages help in activation of immune system