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Assistive Technology > Normal Gait Mechanics > Flashcards

Normal Gait Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main functions of the foot?

A

pronation and supination

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2
Q

What is the function for pronation?

A

adaptation, shock absorption and torque conversion from up the kinetic chain

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3
Q

What is the function of supination?

A

rigid lever used late in stance phase for stable propulsion

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4
Q

How long is the swing phase during gait cycle?

A

1/3 or about 0.4 secs

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5
Q

How long is the stance phase during gait cycle?

A

2/3 or about 0.6 seconds

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6
Q

What happens during initial contact of gait?

A

begins with lateral heel strike, supinated foot and heel acts as a rocker

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7
Q

What happens during loading response of gait?

A

foot absorbs impact from initial contact by subtalar pronation which unlocks mid tarsal joints

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8
Q

What happens during mid stance of gait?

A

SLS stance begins, ankle becomes rocker, COG begins to move over BOS, Hip and knee extension

ST joint begins to supinate to prepare for push off

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9
Q

What happens during terminal stance of gait?

A

SLS concludes, forefoot rocker, body moves ahead of BOS

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10
Q

What two phases of gait are DLS?

A

initial contact and pre swing

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11
Q

Where is one’s COG in DLS?

A

low and in the middle of BOS

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12
Q

Where is one’s COG in SLS?

A

High, and is lateral of BOS towards the stance leg

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13
Q

What is average angle of gait?

A

7 degrees of toe out should see 5th Met and maybe 4th from behind

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14
Q

What is average base of gait or BOS?

A

3.5 inches

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15
Q

What is average stride length?

A

4.5 feet, distance between two consecutive initial contacts of same foot

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16
Q

What is always consistent during subtalar pronation?

A

Calcaneal eversion

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17
Q

What occurs during OKC subtalar pronation?

A

calc EV, ABD, DF

18
Q

What occurs during CKC subtalar pronation?

A

Calc EV, ADD/PF, tibial IR (moves based off Talus)

19
Q

During CKC pronation what happens up the chain?

A

Calc EV, Talar ADD/PF, Tibial IR, knee flexion, HIP IR, APT, lumbar lordosis

20
Q

During subtalar supination what is always consistent?

A

calcaneal inversion

21
Q

What happens during OKC supination?

A

calc INV, ADD, PF

22
Q

What happens at subtalar joint during CKC supination?

A

calc inv, ABD/DF, tibial ER

23
Q

During CKC supination what happens up the chain?

A

calc inv , ABD/DF, tibial ER, knee ext, hip ER, PPT, decreased LL

24
Q

During subtalar pronation how are the CC and TN joints aligned?

A

they become parallel to one another which allows for more mobility in the mid foot

25
Q

During subtalar supination how are the CC and TN joints aligned?

A

they become stacked on top of one another which creates more rigidity and less mobility at mid foot

26
Q

What is goal and ground force reaction during loading response?

A

shock absorption, adapt to terrain

GFR: vertical load of 110-125% BW, increases with increased cadence

27
Q

What is goal and ground force reaction during mid stance?

A

foot needs to become more stable

GRF: 75% of BW

28
Q

What is goal and ground force reaction during pre swing?

A

prepare for propulsion, Rapid ER as swing limb advances

GFR: 125% of BW

29
Q

What is happening at femur during loading response?

A

30 of flexion moving into 10-20 extension, IR

decelerating by external rotators and glutes

limb rotation absorbed by STJ torque conversion

30
Q

What is happening at femur during mid stance?

A

hip extends as momentum advances body, ER force created by swing of leg and opposite arm and helped by external rotators and glutes

31
Q

What is happening at femur during terminal stance and pre swing?

A

hip extension, ER accelerated by ER and glutes

32
Q

What happens at knee during loading response?

A

flexion for shock absorption, decelerated by quads, glutes and hammys

Tibial IR unlocks knee for STJ pronation

33
Q

What is happening at knee during mid stance?

A

flexion to extension, decelerated by gastroc., tibial ER for STJ supination

34
Q

What is happening at knee during pre swing?

A

flexion, accelerated by hamstring

35
Q

What happens at ankle during loading response?

A

slight DF due to TA working during swing phase, then rapid PF decelerated by TA, EDL, EHL

36
Q

What happens at ankle during mid stance?

A

DF as tibia advances over fixed foot, decelerated by gastric and soleus to prevent excessive DF

37
Q

What happens at ankle during pre swing?

A

PF by gastric and soleus

38
Q

During initial contact what is the position of 4 different LE joints?

A

Hip- flexed
knee- extended
ankle- DF
Subtalar- supinated

39
Q

During loading response what is the position of 4 different LE joints?

A

hip- IR + extended
knee- flexed with tibial IR
ankle- PF
STJ- pronating

40
Q

During mid stance what is the position of 4 different LE joints?

A

Hip- ER and extended
knee- extended tibial ER
ankle- DF
Subtalar- supinated

41
Q

During propulsion phase what is the position of 4 different LE joints?

A

Hip- ER and extended
knee- extended tibial ER
ankle- PF
Subtalar- supinated

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