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Gait > Normal Gait > Flashcards

Normal Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Is Initial Contact a single or double limb stance?

A

Double

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2
Q

When the reference leg is in initial contact, what phase is the opposite leg in?

A

Pre swing

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3
Q

What is happening in IC/ heel strike?

A

The heel touches the floor briefly

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4
Q

What is the ankle doing in initial contact?

A

it is in neutral and pronates

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5
Q

What is the knee doing in IC?

A

it is flexed 5 degrees

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6
Q

What is the hip doing in IC?

A

it is flexed 30 degrees and adducted 10 degrees

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7
Q

What phase is the hip maximally flexed?

A

IC/heel strike

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8
Q

What is happening in the LR/Flat foot phase?

A

Weight bearing stability

Begins with IC and continues until end of double limb stance

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9
Q

What is the ankle doing in LR?

A

It goes from neutral to 5-10 degrees of plantar flexion

pronation

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10
Q

What is the knee doing in LR?

A

It is flexed to 15 degree, the tibia is internally rotated, and there is a virus force on the knee

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11
Q

What is the hip doing in LR?

A

The hip starts extending

adducted to 15 degrees

Peak IR at the end of LR

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12
Q

Is midstance a double or single limb support?

A

single

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13
Q

When the reference leg is in mid stance, what is the opposite leg in?

A

Initial swing and midswing

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14
Q

What rocker is activated during LR/foot flat?

A

heel rocker

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15
Q

What rocker is activated during midstance?

A

ankle rocker

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16
Q

What is happening in mid stance?

A

it begins when the other foot is lifted and continues tis the body weight is over the forefoot but the heel is still in contact with the floor.

Full foot contact.
Ends when the heel lifts off of the ground.

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17
Q

What is happening at the ankle in mid stance?

A

5-10 degrees plantar flexion to 5 degrees dorsiflexion

flat then supinates

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18
Q

What is happening at the hip in mid stance?

A

it is still extending (GRF is now posterior)

hip reverses to neutral, relative abduction

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19
Q

Is terminal stance a double or single limb support?

A

single

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20
Q

When the reference leg is in terminal stance, what phase is the opposite leg in?

A

terminal swing

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21
Q

What rocker is activated in terminal stance?

A

forefoot rocker

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22
Q

What is happening in terminal stance?

A

Begins with heel rise and continues to double limb support

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23
Q

In what phase is the windlass mechanism the most important?

A

terminal stance

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24
Q

What is happening at the ankle in terminal stance?

A

5 degree of dorsiflexion goes to 10 degrees of dorsiflexion

mid tarsal joint in closed pack position for the rocker

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25
Q

What phase of gait is the foot in maximal dorsiflexion?

A

terminal stance - 10 degrees

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26
Q

What is happening at the knee in terminal stance?

A

it continues to extension and then goes back to flexion of 5-10 degrees

max ER at the end of terminal stance

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27
Q

In what phase of gait is the knee in full extension?

A

terminal stance

28
Q

What is happening at the hip in terminal stance?

A

it extends to 10 degrees

hip reverse to neutral, relative abduction

29
Q

What phase is the hip in maximal extension?

A

terminal stance

30
Q

Is pre swing a single or double limb support?

A

double

31
Q

When the reference leg is in pre-swing, what is the opposite leg in?

A

IC/LR

32
Q

What is happening during the pre swing phase?

A

the contralateral limb is in IC and ends with toe off on the ipsilateral side

33
Q

What is happening at the ankle in pre swing?

A

There is rapid plantar flexion to 15-20 degrees

34
Q

What phase of the gait cycle has the most plantar flexion?

A

pre-swing

35
Q

What is happening at the knee in pre swing?

A

it is flexed to 40 degree

IR begins here and continues through swing and LR

36
Q

What is happening at the hip in pre swing?

A

reverses from extension to neutral

peak ER is at the end of pre swing

37
Q

Is initial swing/acceleration a double or single limb support?

A

single

38
Q

When the reference limb is in initial swing, what phase is the opposite limb in?

A

midstance

39
Q

What is happening in initial swing/acceleration?

A

the foot is lifting off of the floor and ends when the swing foot is opposite

occurs until the swing foot is parallel or opposite of the other leg

40
Q

What is the ankle doing during initial swing/acceleration?

A

starts the second arc of dorsiflexion to 5 degrees of plantarflexion

41
Q

What is happening at the knee during initial swing/acceleration?

A

the knee is flexing to 60 degree

42
Q

What phase of gait is the most knee flexion seen?

A

initial swing/acceleration - 60 degrees

43
Q

What is happening at the hip during initial swing/acceleration?

A

the hip continues to flex

44
Q

Is midswing a double or single limb support?

A

single

45
Q

When the reference limb is in mid swing, what phase is the opposite limb in?

A

midstance

46
Q

What is happening during mid swing?

A

it begins when the swinging limb is opposite the stance limb and ends when the tibia is vertical to the ground

47
Q

What is happening at the ankle during mid swing?

A

it goes to neutral

48
Q

What is happening at the knee during mid swing?

A

it is extending (1/2 recovery)

49
Q

Is terminal swing a double or single limb support?

A

single

50
Q

When the reference limb is in terminal swing, what phase is the opposite limb in?

A

terminal stance

51
Q

What is happening in terminal swing?

A

begins when the tibia is vertical and ends when the foot strike the floor (IC)

52
Q

What is the ankle doing during terminal swing?

A

it is in neutral

53
Q

What is the knee doing in terminal swing?

A

the knee is fully extended at the end of this stage (knee in full extension, not completely extended, had 5 degrees flexion)

54
Q

What is the hip doing in terminal swing?

A

up to 30 degrees of flexion

55
Q

what is happening at the knee in mid stance?

A

It is flexed to 20 degrees and then extends to 12 degrees

valgus force at the knee

switches to ER at the end of distance to terminal

56
Q

define the gait cycle

A

moment your right foot strikes the ground until your right foot strikes the ground again

57
Q

stride

A

distance traveled between right strike and right strike

58
Q

step length

A

distance traveled from right strike to left strike

59
Q

stance

A

time that the foot is in contact with the ground

60
Q

swing

A

when your foot is off of the ground

61
Q

Cadence

A

steps per minute

110 steps/m in men
115 steps/m in women

62
Q

who has a higher cadence? a 2 year old or an 18 year old?

A

2 year old

63
Q

velocity

A

speed of walking (m/s)

average - 1.37 m/s

64
Q

normal angle of toe out?

A

5-8 degrees

65
Q

body vector

A

line between center of mass and center of pressure

anterior to the second sacral vertebrae for adults

66
Q

ground reaction force

A

force of the ground pushing up on the body

Gait (3 decks)

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