Normal Gait Flashcards
Is Initial Contact a single or double limb stance?
Double
When the reference leg is in initial contact, what phase is the opposite leg in?
Pre swing
What is happening in IC/ heel strike?
The heel touches the floor briefly
What is the ankle doing in initial contact?
it is in neutral and pronates
What is the knee doing in IC?
it is flexed 5 degrees
What is the hip doing in IC?
it is flexed 30 degrees and adducted 10 degrees
What phase is the hip maximally flexed?
IC/heel strike
What is happening in the LR/Flat foot phase?
Weight bearing stability
Begins with IC and continues until end of double limb stance
What is the ankle doing in LR?
It goes from neutral to 5-10 degrees of plantar flexion
pronation
What is the knee doing in LR?
It is flexed to 15 degree, the tibia is internally rotated, and there is a virus force on the knee
What is the hip doing in LR?
The hip starts extending
adducted to 15 degrees
Peak IR at the end of LR
Is midstance a double or single limb support?
single
When the reference leg is in mid stance, what is the opposite leg in?
Initial swing and midswing
What rocker is activated during LR/foot flat?
heel rocker
What rocker is activated during midstance?
ankle rocker
What is happening in mid stance?
it begins when the other foot is lifted and continues tis the body weight is over the forefoot but the heel is still in contact with the floor.
Full foot contact.
Ends when the heel lifts off of the ground.
What is happening at the ankle in mid stance?
5-10 degrees plantar flexion to 5 degrees dorsiflexion
flat then supinates
What is happening at the hip in mid stance?
it is still extending (GRF is now posterior)
hip reverses to neutral, relative abduction
Is terminal stance a double or single limb support?
single
When the reference leg is in terminal stance, what phase is the opposite leg in?
terminal swing
What rocker is activated in terminal stance?
forefoot rocker
What is happening in terminal stance?
Begins with heel rise and continues to double limb support
In what phase is the windlass mechanism the most important?
terminal stance
What is happening at the ankle in terminal stance?
5 degree of dorsiflexion goes to 10 degrees of dorsiflexion
mid tarsal joint in closed pack position for the rocker
What phase of gait is the foot in maximal dorsiflexion?
terminal stance - 10 degrees
What is happening at the knee in terminal stance?
it continues to extension and then goes back to flexion of 5-10 degrees
max ER at the end of terminal stance
In what phase of gait is the knee in full extension?
terminal stance
What is happening at the hip in terminal stance?
it extends to 10 degrees
hip reverse to neutral, relative abduction
What phase is the hip in maximal extension?
terminal stance
Is pre swing a single or double limb support?
double
When the reference leg is in pre-swing, what is the opposite leg in?
IC/LR
What is happening during the pre swing phase?
the contralateral limb is in IC and ends with toe off on the ipsilateral side
What is happening at the ankle in pre swing?
There is rapid plantar flexion to 15-20 degrees
What phase of the gait cycle has the most plantar flexion?
pre-swing
What is happening at the knee in pre swing?
it is flexed to 40 degree
IR begins here and continues through swing and LR
What is happening at the hip in pre swing?
reverses from extension to neutral
peak ER is at the end of pre swing
Is initial swing/acceleration a double or single limb support?
single
When the reference limb is in initial swing, what phase is the opposite limb in?
midstance
What is happening in initial swing/acceleration?
the foot is lifting off of the floor and ends when the swing foot is opposite
occurs until the swing foot is parallel or opposite of the other leg
What is the ankle doing during initial swing/acceleration?
starts the second arc of dorsiflexion to 5 degrees of plantarflexion
What is happening at the knee during initial swing/acceleration?
the knee is flexing to 60 degree
What phase of gait is the most knee flexion seen?
initial swing/acceleration - 60 degrees
What is happening at the hip during initial swing/acceleration?
the hip continues to flex
Is midswing a double or single limb support?
single
When the reference limb is in mid swing, what phase is the opposite limb in?
midstance
What is happening during mid swing?
it begins when the swinging limb is opposite the stance limb and ends when the tibia is vertical to the ground
What is happening at the ankle during mid swing?
it goes to neutral
What is happening at the knee during mid swing?
it is extending (1/2 recovery)
Is terminal swing a double or single limb support?
single
When the reference limb is in terminal swing, what phase is the opposite limb in?
terminal stance
What is happening in terminal swing?
begins when the tibia is vertical and ends when the foot strike the floor (IC)
What is the ankle doing during terminal swing?
it is in neutral
What is the knee doing in terminal swing?
the knee is fully extended at the end of this stage (knee in full extension, not completely extended, had 5 degrees flexion)
What is the hip doing in terminal swing?
up to 30 degrees of flexion
what is happening at the knee in mid stance?
It is flexed to 20 degrees and then extends to 12 degrees
valgus force at the knee
switches to ER at the end of distance to terminal
define the gait cycle
moment your right foot strikes the ground until your right foot strikes the ground again
stride
distance traveled between right strike and right strike
step length
distance traveled from right strike to left strike
stance
time that the foot is in contact with the ground
swing
when your foot is off of the ground
Cadence
steps per minute
110 steps/m in men
115 steps/m in women
who has a higher cadence? a 2 year old or an 18 year old?
2 year old
velocity
speed of walking (m/s)
average - 1.37 m/s
normal angle of toe out?
5-8 degrees
body vector
line between center of mass and center of pressure
anterior to the second sacral vertebrae for adults
ground reaction force
force of the ground pushing up on the body
