Normal Flora

Question 1

Parasitism

Answer 1

Microbe benefits while host is harmed

Question 2

Commensalism

Answer 2

Microbe benefits w/o hurting host

Question 3

Mutualism

Answer 3

Symbiosis, both host and microbe benefit

Question 4

Colonization

Answer 4

Microbe gains access to host and sets up shop w/o causing disease

Question 5

Carrier or Reservoir State

Answer 5

Colonization w/ the potential to cause disease

Question 6

Name a few ways that the microbe can benefit the host

Answer 6

Stimulate the Immune Sys
Promote epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation
Fermentation of Undigestible starches
Degredation of Harmful compounds by other microbes
Provide essential nutrients (ie Vitamin K B12)
Competition or Interference with Pathogens

Question 7

Name defects seen in germ free mice

Answer 7

These mice are called gnotobiotic: Things seen are:
Immature lymphoid follicles and small Peyers Patches
Reduced IgA
Reduced production of antimicrobial peptides
Reduced CD8 and CD4 intestinal epithelial cells
Increased susc to infection
Lower body mass and fat composition

Question 8

Dysbiosis

Answer 8

Perturbed balance within microbiome meaning the bad ones now outnumber the good ones leading to immune response and inflammation

Question 9

Probiotic

Answer 9

Live or attenuated bugs that have beneficial effects, usu intestinal

Question 10

Prebiotic

Answer 10

Ingredient in food that remains undigested and may stimulate the growth or activity good bacteria

Question 11

Synbiotic

Answer 11

Combo of pro and prebiotic