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Micro Gpp > Normal Flora > Flashcards

Normal Flora Flashcards

1
Q

What are normal flora

A

These are mixture of micro-organisms regularly found at any anatomical site on or within the body of a healthy person.

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2
Q

List the estimation of normal flora in the human body

A

10^12 on the skin
10^10 on the mouth
10^14 in the gastrointestinal tract

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3
Q

Importance of normal flora

A

They constitute a protective host defense mechanism by occupying ecological niche
Meaning they occupy specific spaces in the body and if any other bacteria tries to come there they destroy it

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4
Q

Factors affecting normal flora

A

Genetics
Age
Sex
Stress
Nutrition
Diet
Antibiotics and other drugs

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5
Q

Normal flora can be divided into two namely

A

Resident flora: microbes always present on or within the body
Transient Flora: Microbes that live in or in the body for a period of time ( hours,days, weeks,months) then move on or die off

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6
Q

What are resident flora

A

Microbes that are always present on or within body

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7
Q

What are transient flora

A

Microbes that live in or on the body for a period of time (hours, days, weeks, months) then move on or die off

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8
Q

Where is Corynebacterium diphtheriae found

A

Throat

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9
Q

Where is neisseria gonorrhoeoe found

A

Urogenital tract

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10
Q

Where is staphylococcus mutans found

A

Tooth surfaces

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11
Q

Where is staphylococcus salivarius found

A

Tongue surface

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12
Q

Where is E. coli found

A

Small intestine epithelium

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13
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Nasal membrane

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14
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Skin

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15
Q

Normal flora of the skin list them

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Micrococcus sp
Coryne bacterium sp
Mycobacterium smegmatis

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16
Q

Normal flora of the conjuctiva

A

1) staphylococcus epidermidis
2) Coryne bacterium sp
3) propionibacterium acnes
4) staphylococcus aureus
5) Viridans streptococci
6) Neisseria app
7) Hemophilus influenzae

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17
Q

Normal flora of the respiratory tract
The nostrils

A

1) staphylococcus epidermidis
2) Corynebacteria spp
3) staphylococcus aureus
4) Neissera spp
5) hemophilus spp
6) streptococcus pneumonia

18
Q

Normal flora of the respiratory tract
Upper respiratory tract. (Nasopharynx)

A

Non hemolytic streptococci
Alpha hemolytic streptococci
Neisseria spp
Streptococcus pneumonia
Streptococcus pyogens
Hemophilus influenzae
Neisseria Meningitidis

19
Q

Normal flora of the lower respiratory tract include:

A

Hemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumonia

20
Q

Normal flora of the human oral cavity

A

Viridans streptococci
Lactobacilli
Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis
Corynebacterium sp
Bacteroides sp
Streptococcus sanguis (dental plaque)
Streptococcus mutans ( dental plaque)
Actinomyces sp

21
Q

Normal flora of the ears

A

1) staphylococcus epidermidis
2) staphylococcus aureus
3) Corynebacterium sp

22
Q

Normal flora of the Urogenital tract
Anterior urethra

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Enterococcus faecalis
Alpha hemolytic streptococci
Some enteric bacteria (e.g E. coli, proteus sp)
Corynebacterium sp
Acinetobacter sp
Mycoplasma sp
Candida sp
Mycobacterium smegmatis

23
Q

Normal flora of the vagina

A

1) Corynebacterium sp.
2. Staphylococci
3. Non-pyogenic streptococci
4. Escherichia coli
5. Lactobacillus acidophilus*
6. Flavobacterium sp.
7. Clostridium sp.
8. Viridans streptococci
9. Other Enterobacteria

24
Q

Normal Flora of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT):
•In breast-fed infants :

A
  1. Bifido bacteria account for more than 90% of the total intestinal bacteria.
  2. Enterobacteriaceae
  3. Enterococci
  4. Bacteroides
  5. Staphylococci
  6. Lactobacilli
  7. Clostridia
25
Q

Normal Flora of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT):
•In bottle-fed infants:

A

Bifido bacteria is joined by ( although no longer predominant)
Enterics
Bacteroides
Enterococci
Lactobacillus
Clostridium

26
Q

Normal Flora of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT):
In the upper GIT of adult humans

A

Mainly acid tolerant lactobacilli e.g helicobacter pilori

27
Q

Normal Flora of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT):
Proximal small intestine:

A

1) Lactobacilli
2. Enterococcus faecalis
3. Coliforms
4. Bacteroides

28
Q

The flora of the large intestine (colon)

A

1) Enterococci
2.Clostridia
3.Lactobacilli
4.Bacteroides
5.Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium bifidum)
6.Escherichia coli
7.Methanogenic bacteria
8.Viridans streptococci
9.Staphylococcus sp.
10.Proteus sp.
11.Candida albicans (Yeast)
12.Mycoplama sp.

29
Q

THE ROLE/ BENEFITS OF THE NORMAL FLORA:

A

1) The normal flora synthesize and excrete vitamins in excess of their own needs, which can be absorbed as nutrients by the host.
2) The normal flora prevent colonization by pathogens by competing for attachment sites or for essential nutrients
3) The normal flora may antagonize other bacteria
4) The normal flora stimulates the development of certain tissues,
5) The normal flora stimulates the production of “cross-reactive antibodies’’.

30
Q

The caecum of germ-free animals is ___________, ___________, and __________, compared to that organ in conventional animals.

A

Enlarged
Thin walled and
Fluid filled

31
Q

What tissues do normal flora stimulate the development of

A

Caecum in animals
Payers patches in the GI tract

32
Q

What are sterile tissues

A

The internal tissues of healthy humans that are normally free of microorganisms

33
Q

Examples of sterile tissues

A

Blood
Brain
Muscle
CSF

34
Q

NATURAL MICROBIAL HABITATS

A

Soil
Water
Air
Animal and animal products

35
Q

Define Mutualistic/ mutualism:

A

Both organisms benefit “beneficial interaction”

36
Q

Define Commensalistic/ commensalism

A

One organism benefits the other is neither helped nor harmed

37
Q

Define Opportunistic

A

Under normal conditions, microbe does not cause disease, but if conditions become conducive , it can cause disease. (Immuno-compromised or immuno-suppressed conditions)

38
Q

List and example of a mutualistic bacteria

A

Escherichia coli :
–Synthesizes Vitamin K & B complex Vitamins

–In return, we provide a warm, moist nutrient rich environment for Escherichia coli

39
Q

Example of commentialistic bacteria

A

We have no Commensalistic relationships with Bacteria

•If Bacteria are in or on our body, they are either helping us (Microbial Antagonism) or harming us.

40
Q

Example of opportunistic bacteria

A

Escherichia coli - normally in our digestive tract where it causes no problems, but if it gets into the urinary tract it can become pathogenic.

•Staphylococcus aureus – commonly found in the upper respiratory tract, but if it gets into a wound or a burn it can become pathogenic

41
Q

What are probiotics

A

-Oral administration of living organisms to promote health
–Species specific: adherence and growth (tropism)

42
Q

What are prebiotics

A

Non-digestible food that stimulates growth or activity of GI microbiota, especially bifidobacteria and lactobacillus bacteria

–Typically a carbohydrate: soluble fiber

Micro Gpp (2 decks)

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