Normal ECG / Physio basis ECG Flashcards
The P wave is normal in what leads? inverted?
1,2, AVF (V4-V6 too)
AVR
What does the P wave need to look like and what happens if it isn’t even there?
mnemonic?
look smooth and round
if not..
Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial flutter, Junctional/Ventricular Escape Rhythms, Junctional tachycardia, Ventricular Tachycardia
A JET –> A fib, a flutter, Junctional escape rhythm, tachycardia
How long should the PR interval be?
what if it’s abnormal?
between .12 and .20 seconds
possible CAD
this is the time it takes from the SA node to the ventricle muscle fiber
Where is the QRS positive?
1, AVF, AVL, (V5,V6 too)
What does a QRS look like? specific
what would happen if this wasn’t the case?
should be narrow and small. shouldn’t be taller than .10 and wider than .03
necrosis or infarction
What should the ST segment look like?
it should be isoelectric, i.e. baseline
sometimes its elevated but not more than 1mm in a standard or 2mm in chest leads.
if depressed it shouldn’t be by more than 1/2 mm
What happens if the ST segment is depressed more than it should be?
pattern of injury, including PVC (Premature Ventricular Contraction)
What if the ST segment is elevated more than it should be?
ischemia, transmural injury, subepicardial injury
What does the T wave stand for?
What is it upright in? inverted in?
the start of ventricular repolarization
upright in 1,2, V3-V6
inverted in AVR
What does the T wave normally look like? note the difference in leads
What happens if it’s inverted in a lead where it should be normal?
it should be slightly rounded and asymmetrical
it shouldn’t be more than 5mm in height in standard but can be 10mm in V1-V6
inverted? Ischemia
What is the QT duration?
what happens if you have a too short or too long QT?
length of ventricular systole
it’s the change in calcium. too much = short QT, too little = long QT
associated with myocardial ischemia or infarction
What steps are you going to do when looking at an ECG?
Rate Rhythm Axis P PR interval QRS Interval QRS ST T U QT interval
What artery / region associated with leads 2,3, and AVF?
Inferior region or Right Coronary A
What artery / region is associated with leads V1 + V2?
Septal Region, Anterior Interventricular Artery (LAD)
What artery / region is associated with V2, V3, and V4?
Anterior region, Anterior interventricular artery (LAD)
