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1 - Paeds AE > Normal child development, hearing and vision > Flashcards

Normal child development, hearing and vision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four fields of development?

A

Gross motor
Vision and fine motor
Hearing, speech and language
Social, emotional and behavioural

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2
Q

How can you adjust for prematurity?

A

If a child has been preterm, assess developmental age by calculating it from the expected date of delivery

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3
Q

When does correcting for prematurity stop?

A

It is not required after about 2 years of age

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4
Q

What are primitive reflexes?

A

Reflexes present at birth that gradually disappear

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5
Q

What are postural reflexes?

A

Reflexes that develop because they are essential for independent sitting and walking

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6
Q

What is the moro reflex?

A

Primitive reflex - sudden extension of the head causing symmetrical extension, then flexion of the arms

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7
Q

What is the grasp reflex?

A

Primitive reflex - flexion of fingers when an object is placed in the palm

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8
Q

What is the rooting reflex?

A

Primitive reflex - head turns to the stimulus when touched near the mouth

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9
Q

What is the stepping response?

A

Primitive reflex - stepping movements when held vertically and dorsum of feet touch a surface

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10
Q

What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex?

A

Primitive reflex - lying supine, the infant adopts an outstretched arm to the side to which the head if turned

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11
Q

What is labyrinthine righting?

A

Postural reflex - head moves in opposite direction to which the body is tilted

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12
Q

What is postural support?

A

Postural reflex - when held upright, legs take weight and may push up (bounce)

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13
Q

When is lateral propping?

A

Postural reflex - in sitting, the arm extends on the side to which the child falls as a saving mechanism

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14
Q

What is the parachute reflex?

A

Postural reflex - when suspended face down, the arms extend as though to save themselves

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15
Q

What are the thought processes of pre-school infants?

A

They are the centre of the world
Inanimate objects are alive and have feelings and motives
Events have a magical element
Everything has a purpose

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16
Q

What are the thought processes of middle-school children?

A

Practical and orderly, tied to immediate circumstances and specific experiences. This has been called operational thought.

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17
Q

What are the thought processes of mid-teens?

A

Formal operational thought, the ability for abstract reasoning, testing hypotheses and manipulating abstract concepts

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18
Q

What is the gross motor development in the newborn?

A

Limbs flexed, symmetrical posture.

Marked head lag on pulling up

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19
Q

What is the gross motor development at 6-8 months?

A

Raises head to 45 degrees in prone
Sits without support
- at 6 months: with round back
- at 8 months: with straight back

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20
Q

What is the gross motor development at 8-9 months?

A

Crawling

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21
Q

What is the gross motor development at 10 months

A

Cruises around furniture

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22
Q

What is the gross motor development at 12 months?

A

Walks unsteadily

Broad gait, hands apart

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23
Q

What is the gross motor development at 15 months?

A

Walks steadily

24
Q

What is the vision and fine motor development at 6 weeks?

A

Follows moving object or face by turning the head

25
Q

What is the vision and fine motor development at 4 months?

A

Reaches out for toys

4-6 months: palmar grasp

26
Q

What is the vision and fine motor development at 7 months?

A

Transfers toys from one hand to another

27
Q

What is the vision and fine motor development at 10 months?

A

Mature pincer grip

28
Q

What is the vision and fine motor development at 16-18 months?

A

Makes marks with a crayon

29
Q

What is the vision and fine motor development at 14 months - 4 years in relation to blocks?

A 
18 months: tower of three
2 years: tower of six
2 and a half years: tower of eight
3 years: bridge (from a model)
4 years: steps (after demonstration)
30
Q

What is the vision and fine motor development between 2 and 5 years regarding the ability to draw?

A 
2 years: line
3 years: circle
3 1/2 years: cross
4 years: square
5 years: triangle
31
Q

What is the hearing, speech and language development in newborns?

A

Startles to loud noise

32
Q

What is the hearing, speech and language development at 3-4 months?

A

Vocalises alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs

33
Q

What is the hearing, speech and language development at 7 months?

A

Turns to soft sounds out of sight

34
Q

What is the hearing, speech and language development at 7-10 months?

A

7 months: sounds used indiscriminately

10 months: sounds used discriminately to parents

35
Q

What is the hearing, speech and language development at 12 months?

A

Two to three words other than mama and dada

36
Q

What is the hearing, speech and language development at 18 months?

A

6-10 words, shows two parts of the body

37
Q

What is the hearing, speech and language development at 20-24 months?

A

Uses two or more words to make simple phrases

38
Q

What is the hearing, speech and language development at 2 1/2 - 3 years?

A

Talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences

39
Q

What is the social, emotional and behavioural development at 6 weeks?

A

Smiles responsively

40
Q

What is the social, emotional and behavioural development at 6-8 months?

A

Puts food in mouth

41
Q

What is the social, emotional and behavioural development at 10-12 months?

A

Waves bye-bye, plays peek-a-boo

42
Q

What is the social, emotional and behavioural development at 12 months?

A

Drinks from a cup with two hands

43
Q

What is the social emotional and behavioural development at 18 months?

A

Holds spoon and gets food safely to mouth

44
Q

What is the social, emotional and behavioural development at 18-24 months?

A

Symbolic play

45
Q

What is the social, emotional and behavioural development at 2 years?

A

No wetting themselves during the day, can pull off some clothing

46
Q

What is the social emotional and behavioural development at 2.5-3 years?

A

Parallel play, interactive play evolving, takes turns

47
Q

What are the gross motor development limit ages?

A

4 months: head control
9 months: sits unsupported
12 months: stands independently
18 months: walks independently

48
Q

What are the vision and fine motor development limit ages?

A

3 months: fixes and follows visually
6 months: reaches for objects
9 months: transfers
12 months: pincer grip

49
Q

What are the hearing, speech and language development limit ages?

A 
7 months: polysyllabic babble
10 months: consonant babble
18 months: saying 6 words with meaning
2 years: joins words
2.5 years: 3 word sentences
50
Q

What are the social, emotional and behavioural development limit ages?

A 
8 weeks: smiles
10 months: fear of strangers
18 months: feeds self/spoon
2-2.5 years: symbolic play
3-3.5 years: interactive play
51
Q

What areas of development is it most important to ask about in children under 18 months?

A

Gross motor abilities, acquisition of vision and hearing skills, followed by questions about hand skills

52
Q

What areas of development is it most important to ask about in children between 18 months and 2.5 years?

A

Acquisition of speech and language and fine motor (hand) skills with only later and brief questioning about gross motor development

53
Q

What areas of development is it most important to ask about in children between 2.5 and 3.5 years?

A

Speech and language and social, emotional and behaviour development

54
Q

What are the developmental screening tests?

A

The schedule of growing skills

The Denver Developmental Screening Test

55
Q

What is developmental screening?

A

Checks of whole populations or groups of children at set ages by trained professionals

56
Q

What is developmental assessment?

A

Detailed analysis of overall development or specific areas of development

57
Q

What investigations are used in the regular hearing screening programme?

A

Evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE)

Auditory brainstem response (ABR)

1 - Paeds AE (24 decks)

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