Normal Cardiac Parameters

Question 1

CVP

Answer 1

0-8 mmHg

Question 2

PCWP

Answer 2

5-12 mmHg

Question 3

Cardiac output

Answer 3

4-6 L/min

Question 4

Cardiac index

Answer 4

2.5-4.2 L/min/m^2

Question 5

Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)

Answer 5

85-95 mmHg

Question 6

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Answer 6

770-1500 Dynes/sec/cm^5

Question 7

Equation for SVR

Answer 7

[(MAP-CVP) x 80]/CO

Question 8

Mean pulmonary artery pressure MPAP

Answer 8

10-18 mmHg

Question 9

Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)

Answer 9

40-140 dynes/sec/cm^5

Question 10

Hypovolemia:

CVP, HR, PAP, ART, CO, SVR, PVR

Answer 10

CVP -down
HR - up
PAP- down
ART-down
CO- down
SVR- up
PVR- no change

Question 11

Differential diagnosis for MI

Answer 11

Supply: coronary obstruction/vasospasm, tachycardia, hypotension, AS or AI, hypoxemia, anemia

Demand: tachycardia, wall tension, preload and afterload, contractility

Question 12

Indication for arterial lines

Answer 12

When small variations in blood pressure are important (neurological, sepsis, cardiac arrest)
When large changes in BP are expected (hemorrhage, hypotension)
Frequent ABGs or bloodwork
Use of vasoactive drugs

Question 13

Indication for central lines

Answer 13

No PIVs
Transvenous pacing
Vasoactive agents
Right sided filling pressures
Myocardial biopsy

Question 14

Indications for pulmonary artery catheter

Answer 14

Right sided filling pressures
(CHF, valvular disease, pHTN)

CPB
Aortic cross clamping
Shock
Trauma
High PEEP
Hepatic transplant
Ascites

Question 15

Arterial oxygen content

Answer 15

20 ml O2/ dL blood

Question 16

Mixed venous oxygen content

Answer 16

15 ml O2/ dL blood

Question 17

Pulmonary capillary oxygen content

Answer 17

21 ml O2/ dL blood

Question 18

Oxygen delivery

Answer 18

640-1000 ml O2/ min

Question 19

Oxygen consumption

Answer 19

250 ml O2/min

Question 20

Equation for arterial oxygen content

Answer 20

(Hemoglobin x 1.31 x SaO2) + (0.003 x PaO2)

Question 21

Equation for mixed venous oxygen content

Answer 21

(Hemoglobin x 1.31 x SvO2) + (0.003 x PvO2)

Question 22

Equation for oxygen delivery

Answer 22

CO x Hgb x 1.31 x SaO2

Question 23

Septic Shock:

CVP, HR, PAP, ART, CO, SVR, PVR

Answer 23

CVP -down
HR - up
PAP- down
ART-down
CO- up
SVR- down
PVR- down

Question 24

Congestive heart failure:

CVP, HR, PAP, ART, CO, SVR, PVR

Answer 24

CVP -up
HR - no change
PAP- up
ART-down
CO- down
SVR- up
PVR- no change

Question 25

Peripheral hypertension: CVP, HR, PAP, ART, CO, SVR, PVR

Answer 25

CVP - down
HR - down
PAP- up
ART-up
CO- no change
SVR- up
PVR- no change

Question 26

Pulmonary hypertension:

CVP, HR, PAP, ART, CO, SVR, PVR

Answer 26

CVP - up
HR - no change
PAP- up
ART-down
CO- no change
SVR- no change
PVR- up

Question 27

Tamponade:

CVP, HR, PAP, ART, CO, SVR, PVR

Answer 27

CVP - up
HR - up
PAP- up
ART-down
CO- down
SVR- no change
PVR- no change

Question 28

What are the 5 cardiac risk factors?

Answer 28

1. Insulin dependent diabetes
2. Hx CVA
3. Creatinine> 2
   4: MI in last 30 days
4. CHF- compensated