Normal Behavior Flashcards
What type of animal are horses?
- Herbivorous
- Prey Animal
- Herd Animals
Horses in the wild graze?
50% to 80% of the day.
Horses stand?
90% of the day.
What do wild horses rarely do?
Run
What are groups of horses called, and what is in the groups?
Wild Bands
- Mares
- Offspring
- 1 to 2 Stallions
At what age do offspring leave the wild band?
2 to 3 years of age.
What is a stud pile?
The place where a stallion continues to defecate. This is territorial marking.
What type of breeders are horses?
Long day breeders (breed in the spring).
How long is the gestation cycle in a horse?
11 to 11 1/2 months.
Foals are?
Precocial and followers.
When do foals nurse and how often?
- within the first two hours.
- 4x per hour in the first week, then once an hour until about 5 months.
At what age are foals weaned?
40 weeks to 2 years, and it happens gradually.
*normally at about 5 to 6 months.
What do domestic horses eat and how often?
Hay with grains or concentrates, BID.
Where are domestic horses most of the day, and why?
In a stable to keep them safe.
What type of activity do domestic horses get?
- Turnout or scheduled work.
- Lunged.
What are domestic horses used for?
- Riding for pleasure, dressage, eventing, endurance.
- Work.
- Pasture pets.
- Hormones.
- Meat
What happens to a domestic horse when their diet is low in roughage and high in concentrations?
- Ulcers
- Impaction
- Laminitis
When are domestic horses weaned?
4 to 6 months.
What methods are used to wean domestic horses?
- Removal and confinement of foal by itself.
- Removal and confinement with other foals.
- Mare removed, foal remains with other mares and foals in pasture.
- Mare and foal in adjacent corrals for 1 week and subsequent removal of mare.
- Feed mares and foals separately and gradually increase duration of separation.
Piglets are?
Precocial except for temperature regulation.
At what age are pigs weaned?
5 to 12 weeks.
What do pigs do most of the time and how long?
Root for about 7 hours a day.
How many meals does a pig eat a day?
8 to 12
How many hours per day is a pig active?
3
Pigs are recumbent?
80% of the day.
Pigs have separate areas for?
Eating, sleeping, and eliminating.
Domestic pigs live in what type of housing?
- Extensive: more like nature, farm can control what they are doing.
- Intensive: we control everything.
What happens to domestic pigs who live in high production facilities?
- Sows may be confined to gestation or farrowing crates.
- Gestation length is 114 days (3 mo, 3 wks, 3 days).
- Piglets may be weaned as early as 3 weeks.
- Piglets mixed according to weight for finishing.
What type of animal are chickens?
-Omnivorous
How do chickens flock?
They have flocks with separate male and female hierarchies.
Chickens forge for?
50% of the day.
Why do chickens dust bathe?
To keep the feathers conditioned.
Where do chickens sleep?
On a perch.
Where do chickens lay their eggs?
On the ground.
How many eggs did the ancestral chicken lay per year?
40
How long do chickens incubate their eggs?
3 weeks.
What is brood, how long is is done?
Brood is when the mother sits on the chicks to keep them warm. This is done for a few weeks. Chicks are precocial.
Domestic chickens live in?
Battery cages (except in CA). -4 to 6 birds per cage with 4 inches.of feeder space each.
How many eggs do domestic chickens produce in a year?
300
What do domestic chickens not do with their young?
Most no longer brood.
What is the life span of a domestic chicken?
- Slaughtered after 1 year.
- Induced molt and slaughtered at 2 to 3 years.
What are domestic broiler chickens?
Chickens raised for meat.
- genetically selected for fast growth.
- slaughter weight by 7 weeks of age.
- skeletal problems.
- heart and lung failure.
What are domestic broiler breeder chickens?
- Mature at 18-20 weeks.
- Food restriction.
- <50 to 75% of intake if fed ad lib.
- Slaughtered after 1 year lay cycle.
What are some problems with domestic broiler chickens?
-Grow way too fast. ~have issues with heart failure b/c of ascities. ~bone deformities. -Bumble foot. -Corneal ulcers. -Respiratory issues. -Breast bruising.
What are the normal behaviors of parrots?
- Wake at sunrise, vocalize, and do short morning flight.
- Fly to forging area.
- Forage for hours.
- Rest, preen, socialize.
- Forge some more.
- Fly back to roosting area.
- Vocalize.
- Go to sleep at sunset.
- Sleep 12 hours, awake 12 hours.
What are the normal behaviors of pet parrots?
- Varies considerably depending on owner.
- Singleton or few birds.
- Food in dish, no foraging.
- Punished for vocalizing.
- Exposure to “predators” is ongoing.
- Wings clipped.
- Not a domestic species.
What type of animals are cats?
- Carnivore
- Predator
What type of social groups do cats form?
Matrilineal
- communal care of offspring.
- males disperse at 2 to 3 years of age.
What are tom cat groups?
Groups of cats formed when they leave the matrilineal group.
- new member has to work up to one year for acceptance.
- non overlapping territories in non breeding season.
What is group size in cats variable on?
It is variable based on food supply.
What type of mating cycle do cats have?
They are seasonally polyestrous.
- induced ovulators.
- will cycle every 3 weeks until mated.
- gestation is 63 days.
Kittens are born?
Altricial - dependent on mom.
What is the normal behavior of cats?
- Four play bouts per day.
- Active at night.
- Eats 8 to 12 meals per day.
- Eliminate in soft, sandy soil.
- Mark territory.
What do cats do to mark their territory?
- Urine spray.
- Scratching.
- Facial mark.
What type of animals are dogs?
Omnivores
In what ways are dogs a social species?
- Wild pack consists of one breeding pair and a few offspring.
- Spend 40 to 80% of time within 50 feet of each other.
How do dogs mark territory?
With urine and occasionally feces.
What type of breeders are dogs?
Non seasonal.
- 1 to 4 cycles per year.
- exception is Basenji (breeds in fall).
- copulatory tie.
What is the gestation cycle in dogs?
63 days.
Pups are born?
-Altricial
When are pups weaned?
6 to 8 weeks.
What do pups do by 9 weeks of age?
Eliminate in specific a area.
How many breeds of dogs are there?
Over 300.
-developed for different behaviors advantageous to humans.
~Great Dane: working breed, boar hound.
~Chihuahua: toy breed, companion.
~Bloodhound: hound group.
What is the normal behavior of rodents?
- Omnivores
- Nocturnal
- Hide, build nests.
- Climb
- Forage
- Gnaw (continuously grow teeth).
