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Behavioral Medicine > Normal Behavior > Flashcards

Normal Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What type of animal are horses?

A
  • Herbivorous
  • Prey Animal
  • Herd Animals
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2
Q

Horses in the wild graze?

A

50% to 80% of the day.

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3
Q

Horses stand?

A

90% of the day.

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4
Q

What do wild horses rarely do?

A

Run

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5
Q

What are groups of horses called, and what is in the groups?

A

Wild Bands

  • Mares
  • Offspring
  • 1 to 2 Stallions
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6
Q

At what age do offspring leave the wild band?

A

2 to 3 years of age.

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7
Q

What is a stud pile?

A

The place where a stallion continues to defecate. This is territorial marking.

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8
Q

What type of breeders are horses?

A

Long day breeders (breed in the spring).

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9
Q

How long is the gestation cycle in a horse?

A

11 to 11 1/2 months.

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10
Q

Foals are?

A

Precocial and followers.

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11
Q

When do foals nurse and how often?

A
  • within the first two hours.

- 4x per hour in the first week, then once an hour until about 5 months.

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12
Q

At what age are foals weaned?

A

40 weeks to 2 years, and it happens gradually.

*normally at about 5 to 6 months.

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13
Q

What do domestic horses eat and how often?

A

Hay with grains or concentrates, BID.

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14
Q

Where are domestic horses most of the day, and why?

A

In a stable to keep them safe.

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15
Q

What type of activity do domestic horses get?

A
  • Turnout or scheduled work.

- Lunged.

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16
Q

What are domestic horses used for?

A
  • Riding for pleasure, dressage, eventing, endurance.
  • Work.
  • Pasture pets.
  • Hormones.
  • Meat
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17
Q

What happens to a domestic horse when their diet is low in roughage and high in concentrations?

A
  • Ulcers
  • Impaction
  • Laminitis
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18
Q

When are domestic horses weaned?

A

4 to 6 months.

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19
Q

What methods are used to wean domestic horses?

A
  • Removal and confinement of foal by itself.
  • Removal and confinement with other foals.
  • Mare removed, foal remains with other mares and foals in pasture.
  • Mare and foal in adjacent corrals for 1 week and subsequent removal of mare.
  • Feed mares and foals separately and gradually increase duration of separation.
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20
Q

Piglets are?

A

Precocial except for temperature regulation.

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21
Q

At what age are pigs weaned?

A

5 to 12 weeks.

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22
Q

What do pigs do most of the time and how long?

A

Root for about 7 hours a day.

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23
Q

How many meals does a pig eat a day?

A

8 to 12

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24
Q

How many hours per day is a pig active?

A

3

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25
Q

Pigs are recumbent?

A

80% of the day.

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26
Q

Pigs have separate areas for?

A

Eating, sleeping, and eliminating.

27
Q

Domestic pigs live in what type of housing?

A
  • Extensive: more like nature, farm can control what they are doing.
  • Intensive: we control everything.
28
Q

What happens to domestic pigs who live in high production facilities?

A
  • Sows may be confined to gestation or farrowing crates.
  • Gestation length is 114 days (3 mo, 3 wks, 3 days).
  • Piglets may be weaned as early as 3 weeks.
  • Piglets mixed according to weight for finishing.
29
Q

What type of animal are chickens?

A

-Omnivorous

30
Q

How do chickens flock?

A

They have flocks with separate male and female hierarchies.

31
Q

Chickens forge for?

A

50% of the day.

32
Q

Why do chickens dust bathe?

A

To keep the feathers conditioned.

33
Q

Where do chickens sleep?

A

On a perch.

34
Q

Where do chickens lay their eggs?

A

On the ground.

35
Q

How many eggs did the ancestral chicken lay per year?

A

40

36
Q

How long do chickens incubate their eggs?

A

3 weeks.

37
Q

What is brood, how long is is done?

A

Brood is when the mother sits on the chicks to keep them warm. This is done for a few weeks. Chicks are precocial.

38
Q

Domestic chickens live in?

A 
Battery cages (except in CA).
-4 to 6 birds per cage with 4 inches.of feeder space each.
39
Q

How many eggs do domestic chickens produce in a year?

A

300

40
Q

What do domestic chickens not do with their young?

A

Most no longer brood.

41
Q

What is the life span of a domestic chicken?

A
  • Slaughtered after 1 year.

- Induced molt and slaughtered at 2 to 3 years.

42
Q

What are domestic broiler chickens?

A

Chickens raised for meat.

  • genetically selected for fast growth.
  • slaughter weight by 7 weeks of age.
  • skeletal problems.
  • heart and lung failure.
43
Q

What are domestic broiler breeder chickens?

A
  • Mature at 18-20 weeks.
  • Food restriction.
  • <50 to 75% of intake if fed ad lib.
  • Slaughtered after 1 year lay cycle.
44
Q

What are some problems with domestic broiler chickens?

A 
-Grow way too fast.
   ~have issues with heart failure b/c of ascities.
   ~bone deformities.
-Bumble foot.
-Corneal ulcers.
-Respiratory issues.
-Breast bruising.
45
Q

What are the normal behaviors of parrots?

A
  • Wake at sunrise, vocalize, and do short morning flight.
  • Fly to forging area.
  • Forage for hours.
  • Rest, preen, socialize.
  • Forge some more.
  • Fly back to roosting area.
  • Vocalize.
  • Go to sleep at sunset.
  • Sleep 12 hours, awake 12 hours.
46
Q

What are the normal behaviors of pet parrots?

A
  • Varies considerably depending on owner.
  • Singleton or few birds.
  • Food in dish, no foraging.
  • Punished for vocalizing.
  • Exposure to “predators” is ongoing.
  • Wings clipped.
  • Not a domestic species.
47
Q

What type of animals are cats?

A
  • Carnivore

- Predator

48
Q

What type of social groups do cats form?

A

Matrilineal

  • communal care of offspring.
  • males disperse at 2 to 3 years of age.
49
Q

What are tom cat groups?

A

Groups of cats formed when they leave the matrilineal group.

  • new member has to work up to one year for acceptance.
  • non overlapping territories in non breeding season.
50
Q

What is group size in cats variable on?

A

It is variable based on food supply.

51
Q

What type of mating cycle do cats have?

A

They are seasonally polyestrous.

  • induced ovulators.
  • will cycle every 3 weeks until mated.
  • gestation is 63 days.
52
Q

Kittens are born?

A

Altricial - dependent on mom.

53
Q

What is the normal behavior of cats?

A
  • Four play bouts per day.
  • Active at night.
  • Eats 8 to 12 meals per day.
  • Eliminate in soft, sandy soil.
  • Mark territory.
54
Q

What do cats do to mark their territory?

A
  • Urine spray.
  • Scratching.
  • Facial mark.
55
Q

What type of animals are dogs?

A

Omnivores

56
Q

In what ways are dogs a social species?

A
  • Wild pack consists of one breeding pair and a few offspring.
  • Spend 40 to 80% of time within 50 feet of each other.
57
Q

How do dogs mark territory?

A

With urine and occasionally feces.

58
Q

What type of breeders are dogs?

A

Non seasonal.

  • 1 to 4 cycles per year.
  • exception is Basenji (breeds in fall).
  • copulatory tie.
59
Q

What is the gestation cycle in dogs?

A

63 days.

60
Q

Pups are born?

A

-Altricial

61
Q

When are pups weaned?

A

6 to 8 weeks.

62
Q

What do pups do by 9 weeks of age?

A

Eliminate in specific a area.

63
Q

How many breeds of dogs are there?

A

Over 300.
-developed for different behaviors advantageous to humans.
~Great Dane: working breed, boar hound.
~Chihuahua: toy breed, companion.
~Bloodhound: hound group.

64
Q

What is the normal behavior of rodents?

A
  • Omnivores
  • Nocturnal
  • Hide, build nests.
  • Climb
  • Forage
  • Gnaw (continuously grow teeth).

Behavioral Medicine (8 decks)

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