Normal And Abnormal Binocular Vision

Question 1

Definition of normal binocular vision

Answer 1

Both eyes used simultaneously for both retinal images of a target contribute to the final precept

Question 2

What does normal bionocular vision require

Answer 2

Coordination of optics of the eyes, motor control and neurologic/sensory processing

Question 3

Resolution of eyes in normal binocular vision

Answer 3

Resolution (VA) must be similar in both eyes

Question 4

Muscles in normal binocular vision

Answer 4

Must be bale to move accordingly

Question 5

Images on the retina in normal binocular vision

Answer 5

Images from each retina must be fused

Question 6

Diagnosis of binocular issues

Answer 6

Goes beyond identifying something is wrong, but also finding the source/cause of the problem

Question 7

There is a _______ and a ______ aspect of vision

Answer 7

Sensory and motor

Question 8

The motor system of the eye is responsible for enlarging __________ to make it a _________

Answer 8

Field of view

Field of fixation

Question 9

The collection and integration of the information received at the retina and transmitted to the cortex

Answer 9

Sensory processing

Question 10

What could sensory processing be affected by

Answer 10

Any condition not allowing the integrator of the images from the 2 eyes, such as amblyopia, uncorrected refractive error, eccentric fixation, disease

Question 11

Involves properly aligning the eyes at different distances and in different gazes

Answer 11

Motor processing

Question 12

What suffers if there is abnormalities in the sensory processing

Answer 12

Motor processing

Question 13

Motor abnormalities include

Answer 13

Disease, deviations, nystagmus, vergence anomalies

Question 14

Occurs without awareness; there is stimuli from the visual, auditory or the vestibular systems and the eyes act accordingly. They are relative in nature

Answer 14

Involuntary eye movements

Question 15

Examples of involuntary eye movements

Answer 15

• with an increase in light, the pupils constrict

- when a target moves away from you, you diverge appropriately

Question 16

______ can be conditional in nature because they depend on attention

Answer 16

Involuntary eye movements

Question 17

During a _____________, the image moves quickly across the retina with no apparent movement. The information of the conjugate movement of the EOMs is coincident with the retinal feedback and thereby there is no perceived movcement

Answer 17

Saccadic movement

Question 18

When is there a perceived movement of the image or environment during the saccadic eye movement?

Answer 18

Where there is a disagreement between the information about the conjugate eye movements and the retina feedback

Question 19

Advantages of binocular vision

Answer 19

• visual efficiency and performance
• visuo-motor tasks
• sports
• reading proficiency
• gaming
• a spare eye in case of trauma

Question 20

Problems with abnormal binocular vision

Answer 20

• asthenopia
• diplopia
• sensorimotor adaptations such as amblyopia, eccentric fixation, suppression, anomalous correspondence