Normal Anatomy Of The Heart Flashcards
Normal Anatomy
• THE HEART
• A ———, ——- organ, located in the middle ———
• The weight varies according to sex and age;
• Males —- to—-g
• Females —— to ——g
• The heart of an individual is roughly the size of his ———
Normal Anatomy
• THE HEART
• A conical, muscular organ, located in the middle mediastinum
• The weight varies according to sex and age;
• Males 300-350g
• Females 250-300g
• The heart of an individual is roughly the size of his clenched fist
Normal Anatomy
• The internal measurements of the heart;
• Free wall thickness- RV(— to —cm)
LV(— to —cm)
• Valvular diameters- Tricuspid(—to-cm)
Pulmonary(—to—cm)
Mitral(— to —cm)
Aortic(— to —cm)
Normal Anatomy
• The internal measurements of the heart;
• Free wall thickness- RV(0.3-0.5cm)
LV(1.3-1.5cm)
• Valvular diameters- Tricuspid(10-12cm)
Pulmonary(6.5-7.0cm)
Mitral(8-10cm)
Aortic(5.5-6.5cm)
Normal Anatomy
• Boundaries
• Right border- ———
• Left border- mainly by the ——- and appendages of the ——-
• Left border- by —— and apex of ——
• Anterior surface- by —— and ——
Normal Anatomy
• Boundaries
• Right border- RA
• Left border- mainly by the LV and appendages of the LA
• Left border- by RV and apex of LV
• Anterior surface- by RV and LV
Normal Anatomy
• Chambers
The RIGHT side consist of —— and ——.
• It is responsible for the ——- circulation
• RA receives blood mainly from the —— and ——
• The wall of the RA contains the ——(a shallow depression on the atrial septum that marks the site of the foetal foramen ovale)
Normal Anatomy
• Chambers
• The RIGHT side consist of RA and RV.
• It is responsible for the pulmonary circulation
• RA receives blood mainly from the IVC and SVC
• The wall of the RA contains the fossa ovalis (a shallow depression on the atrial septum that marks the site of the foetal foramen ovale)
Normal Anatomy
• Chambers
• The RIGHT side consist of RA and RV.
• The RV is joined to the RA by the ——- valve.
• The free margins of the A-V valves are tethered to the ventricular walls by the ——— attached to the ——— muscles which are contiguous with the ventricular wall.
Normal Anatomy
• Chambers
• The RIGHT side consist of RA and RV.
• The RV is joined to the RA by the tricuspid valve.
• The free margins of the A-V valves are tethered to the ventricular walls by the chordae tendinae attached to the papillary muscles which are contiguous with the ventricular wall.
Normal Anatomy
• Chambers
• The ——— crosses the ventricular septum to the anterior wall
• It conveys the right branch of the —— bundle
• The outflow tract is the ——— orifice
Normal Anatomy • Chambers
• The Moderator band crosses the ventricular septum to the anterior wall
• It conveys the right branch of the AV bundle • The outflow tract is the pulmonary orifice
Normal Anatomy
• The LA receives the how many pulmonary veins
• The LV communicates with the LA thru the ——— valve
• The 2 cusps of the valve are attached to the ——— muscles by ————
• The wall is marked by thick muscular elevations referred to as ———
• The outflow channel is guarded by the ——— valve
• The outflow of blood in a normal heart is ———
Normal Anatomy
• The LA receives the 4 pulmonary veins
• The LV communicates with the LA thru the mitral valve
• The 2 cusps of the valve are attached to the papillary muscles by chordae tendinae
• The wall is marked by thick muscular elevations referred to as trabeculae carnae
• The outflow channel is guarded by the aortic valve
• The outflow of blood in a normal heart is unidirectional
Normal Anatomy
• Layers
• ———- - contains coronary vessels and fat
• ——— - has myocytes and blood vessels
• ———- - contains the endothelium and intima
Normal Anatomy
• Layers
• Epicardium- contains coronary vessels and fat
• Myocardium- has myocytes and blood vessels
• Endocardium- contains the endothelium and intima
Normal Anatomy
• Layers
• Epicardium- contains ——- and ——-
• Myocardium- has ——— and ———
• Endocardium- contains the ——— and ———
Normal Anatomy
• Layers
• Epicardium- contains coronary vessels and fat
• Myocardium- has myocytes and blood vessels
• Endocardium- contains the endothelium and intima
Normal Anatomy
• Terms
• ———:, increase in weight or thickness
of the ventricular wall.
• ———:, enlargement of the cardiac chambers. This is shown by the ——- margins. Closure of the valves leaves a hole, since the ——— are not well apposed.
• The weight is the best indication of ———
Normal Anatomy
• Terms
• Hypertrophy, increase in weight or thickness
of the ventricular wall.
• Dilatation, enlargement of the cardiac chambers. This is shown by the valvular margins. Closure of the valves leaves a hole, since the valvular cusps are not well apposed.
• The weight is the best indication of cardiomegaly
Normal Anatomy
• Myocardium
• Cardiac myocytes make up to —% of the total number of cells in the myocardium. Other cells are,
• ———
• ———
• ———
• ———
Normal Anatomy
• Myocardium
• Cardiac myocytes make up to 25% of the total number of cells in the myocardium. Other cells are,
• Endothelialcells
• Connectivetissuecells
• Inflammatorycells
• Specialised myocardial cells known as Purkinje cells
Normal Anatomy
• Myocardium
• ——— cells are specialized excitatory and conducting myocytes with few contractile elements
• It is involved in the regulation of the —— and ——- of the heart. It is plenty in the ——— - the pacemaker of the heart, located at the junction btw the ———-and ——-
Normal Anatomy • Myocardium
• Purkinje cells are specialized excitatory and conducting myocytes with few contractile elements
• It is involved in the regulation of the rate and rhythm of the heart. It is plenty in the
• SA node- the pacemaker of the heart, located at the junction btw the right atrial appendage and SVC
Normal Anatomy
• Myocardium
• AV node located at the junction of the —— and ————
• Bundle of His at the ———. It divides at the cardiac apex into —— and ——
• Problems with the conducting system leads to ———.
Normal Anatomy • Myocardium
• AV node located at the junction of the right atrium and interventricular septum
• Bundle of His at the interventricular septum. It divides at the cardiac apex into right and left branches
• Problems with the conducting system leads to Heart Block.
Normal Anatomy
• Blood Supply
• Filling occurs during ——-
• A) Epicardial vessels
• The ——— aa supply the cardiac muscle and are composed of the —- and —— aas
• - left main coronary aa is derived from the —————. It divides early in its course jnto 2; ——— & ——— aa
Normal Anatomy
• Blood Supply
• Filling occurs during diastole
• A) Epicardial vessels
• The coronary aa supply the cardiac muscle and are composed of the right and left coronary aas
• - left main coronary aa is derived from the left posterior aortic sinus. It divides early in its course jnto 2; LAD & left circumflex aa
Normal Anatomy
• Blood Supply
• The right coronary aa supply the entire ————-, ——— and ———-
• Blood flow in the heart typically passes from the coronary aa terminals to the ———, then ———.
• In case of myocardial ischaemia the ——— is generally the most vulnerable site
Normal Anatomy • Blood Supply
• Therightcoronaryaasupplytheentireright ventricular free wall, adjacent half of posterior wall of the left ventricle and posterior 3rd of interventricular septum
• Blood flow in the heart typically passes from the coronary aa terminals to the epicardium, then endocardium.
• In case of myocardial ischaemia the endocardium is generally the most vulnerable site
