normal anatomy

Question 1

what are these

Answer 1

fordyce spots

Question 2

what are fordyce spots

Answer 2

• sebaceous glands
• yellow bumps
• 60-75% adults
• buccal mucosa and lips
• no associated pathology

Question 3

what is this

Answer 3

-linea alba

Question 4

what is lines alba

Answer 4

• horizontal, asymptomatic, white lesion
• along occlusl plane

Question 5

what can be histologically seen in linea alba

Answer 5

• hyperkeratosis
• prominent, or reduced granular layer
• acanthosis
• increased number of squamous cells, resulting in thickening

Question 6

what is this

Answer 6

geographic tongue

Question 7

what is geographic tongue

Answer 7

• benign migratory glossitis or erythema migrans
• 3% of population
• usually asymptomatic can be triggered by spicy
• loss of filiform papillae - areas of tongue atrophy and hyperkeratinisation

Question 8

what is this ?

Answer 8

fissured tongue

Question 9

what is fissured tongue

Answer 9

• variation of normal anatomy
• occur later in life
• no treatment necessary
• commonly presents concomitantlyy with geographic tongue
• encourage good OH
• consider lightly brushing tongue

Question 10

what is this

Answer 10

black hairy tongue

Question 11

what is black hairy tongue

Answer 11

• hyperplasia of filiform papillae
• build up of bacteria and food debris
• pigment inducing fungi and bacteria
• cause unknown : maybe smoking, antibiotics, chlorhexidine mouthwash, poor OH

Question 12

how to treat black hairy tongue

Answer 12

• stop smoking
• stay hydrated
• lightly brush tongue
• exfoliate it lightly - peach stones
• eat fresh pineapple

Question 13

what is this

Answer 13

desquamative gingivitis

Question 14

what is desquamative gingivitis

Answer 14

• full thickness erythema of gingiva
• descriptive term
  -exacerbated by plaque

Question 15

what is this

Answer 15

bony exostosis

Question 16

what is a bony exostosis

Answer 16

• benigin overgrowth of calcified bone - associated with parafunction
• 30-40% have them
• can be on
  
  • palate - torus palatinus
  • mandible - torus mandibularis (typically lingually)
  • buccal alveolus

Question 17

what should be asked about someone with bony exostosis

Answer 17

• gi symptoms - gardeners syndrome

Question 18

what is this and its causes

Answer 18

• physiological pigmentation
  -melanin
• consider ; Addisons, smokers melanosis, drug related pigmentation