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Scrotum > Normal Anatomy > Flashcards

Normal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

the scrotum contains

A

the testes and parts of the spermatic cord

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2
Q

the testes are the

A

site of the sperm production

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3
Q

testes form the essential

A

component of the male reproductive system

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4
Q

sperm leaves the

A

testes via the epididymis

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5
Q

sperm then drains into the

A

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

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6
Q

vas deferens

A

thick-walled tube in the male reproductive system that transports sperm cells from the epididymis, where the sperm are stored prior to ejaculation

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7
Q

the epididymis and lower portions of the ductus deferens are located

A

within the scrotum

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8
Q

the ductus deferens is joined by

A

blood vessels supplying the testes, creating the contents of spermatic cord

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9
Q

testis are paired

A

symmetric

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10
Q

what resides in the scrotum

A

7 oval-shaped glands

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11
Q

the function of the testis is to

A
  • produce sperm
  • produce and discharge hormones, primarily testosterone
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12
Q

adults testis measures

A

3-5x2-4x3 cm

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13
Q

the testicle is surrounded by a

A

fibrous capsule, tunica albuginea-inner

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14
Q

the tunica albuginea is covered by

A

the tunica vaginalis- outer

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15
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

is a saccular extension of the peritoneum into the scrotal chambers

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16
Q

the inner or visceral layer of the tunic vaginalis covers

A

the testis and epididymis

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17
Q

the outer or parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis lines

A

the scrotal chamber

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18
Q

parietal layer

A

outermost (followed by skin)

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19
Q

visceral layer

A

innermost, contiguous with testis

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20
Q

cavity of the tunica vaginalis

A

space between the two layers which normally contains a very small amount of serous fluid for lubrication during movement

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21
Q

tunica albuginea

A

a dense fibrous capsule surrounding the testicle

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22
Q

tunica albuginea seen sonographically

A

as an echogenic line on ultrasound

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23
Q

appendix testis

A

a remnant of the Mullerian duct , a small ovoid structure located beneath the head of the epididymis

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24
Q

appendix epididymis

A

small protuberance from the epididymal head easily mistaken for pathology

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25
Q

from inner to outer

A
  • seminiferous tubules
  • rete testis
  • efferent ductules
  • ductus epididymis
  • vas deferens
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26
Q

function of the vas deferens

A

transports sperm from the epididymis to the prostate to be expelled via the urethra

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27
Q

the rete testis

A

is an anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle that carries sperm to the epididymis

28
Q

the efferent ductules carry

A

the seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis

29
Q

the epididymis is composed

A

of a head, body and tail

30
Q

epididymis is position

A

parallel to the testicle

31
Q

the epi head is located

A

adjacent to the superior pole of the testis

32
Q

the epi tail courses

A

cephalad as does the vas deferens

33
Q

normal epididymis sonographically

A
  • isoechoic or hypoechoic compared with testis
  • echo texture coarser
34
Q

normal epididymis measures

A

6 to 7 cm tubular structure beginning superiorly and then coursing posrerolaterally to testis

35
Q

epididymis head is the

A

largest part, 6 to 15 mm in width

36
Q

body of the epididymis

A

smaller than head

37
Q

body of the epididymis follows

A

posterolateral aspect of testis from upper to lower pole

38
Q

tail of the epididymis

A

slightly larger and positioned posterior to lower pole of testis

39
Q

appendix of the epididymis

A

small protuberance from head of epididymis

40
Q

spermatic cord

A

it runs from the abdomen to the testicle in the scrotum

41
Q

spermatic cord consists of the following

A
  • vas deferens
  • cremasteric, differential, testicular arteries
  • pampiniform plexus of veins
  • lymphatics
  • nerves
42
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

Multi-layered membrane lining the inner wall of the scrotum and is continuous with the abdominal peritoneum, best delineated on USD in the presence of pathology

43
Q

dartos muscle

A

is a layer of muscle fibers lying beneath the scrotal skin and dividing the scrotum into 2 chambers

44
Q

scrotal raphe

A

the division of the two scrotal chambers (cleavage)

45
Q

scrotal pearl is aka

A

scrotolith

46
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

are the specific site of sperm production

47
Q

seminiferous tubules aka

A

spermatogenesis

48
Q

the septula forms wedge shaped

A

compartments that contain the seminiferous tubules

49
Q

scrotal pearls is

A

incidental and appears on the extra testicular surface

50
Q

scrotal pearls are like

A

macro calcifications inside the scrotum

51
Q

scrotal pearls cover the space of

A

tunica vaginalis (serosal covering of testes) or sinus of the epididymis

52
Q

scrotal pearls have no

A

clinical significance

53
Q

scrotal pearls sonographically

A

echogenic focus with shadowing

54
Q

mediastinum testis

A

posterior aspect of tunica albuginea reflects into testis to form vertical septum

55
Q

mediastinum sonographically

A

seen as a linear echogenic line

56
Q

the rete testis

A

a series of interconnected channels within the mediastinum testis and is not routinely visible on ultrasound unless ectatic

57
Q

what is the primary source of blood flow to the testis

A

testicular arteries

58
Q

the testicular arteries descend

A

in the retroperitoneum and enter the spermatic cord in the deep inguinal ring

59
Q

testicular arteries course along the

A

posterior surface of each testis and pierce the tunica albuginea, forming the capsular arteries, which branch over the surface of the testis

60
Q

the capsular arteries give rise

A

to centripetal arteries, which course from the testicular surface toward the mediastinum along the septa

61
Q

before reaching the mediastinum, they back curve backward, forming

A

the recurrent rami (centrifugal arteries)

62
Q

testicular blood flow is supplied by the

A
  • differential artery
  • cremasteric artery
  • testicular artery
63
Q

the testicular artery divides into

A

capsular and centripetal (intratesticular) branches

64
Q

the blood flow in the transmediastinal artery courses from the

A

mediastinum to the testicular capsule

65
Q

cremasteric artery

A

-mainly extratesticular structures, i.e.
- arise from a branch of the extension of iliac artery

Scrotum (2 decks)

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