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Spleen > Normal Anatomy > Flashcards

Normal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest lymphatic organ in the body?

A

the spleen

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2
Q

what is the spleen part of?

A

the immue system

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3
Q

where does the spleen lie?

A

in the left hypochondrium with its axis along the shaft of the tenth rib

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4
Q

the spleen is an __ organ

A

intraperitoneal

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5
Q

the spleen is covered entirely with

A

peritoneum except for a small area at its hilum, where the vascular structures and lymph nodes are locted

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6
Q

protective capsule covers

A

the spleen with peritoneum

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7
Q

reticuloendothelial system

A

immune system

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8
Q

what is the main function of the spleen is?

A

to filter peripheral blood

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9
Q

active in blood formation (hematopoiesis)

A

during the initial part of fetal life

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10
Q

the spleen plays an important role in the body’s

A

defense against disease

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11
Q

hematopoiesis

A

the formation of blood

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12
Q

the spleen is often affected by

A

systemic disease processes

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13
Q

the spleen is rarely the

A

primary site of disease

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14
Q

Variable size and shape of the spleen

A

-tetrahedral or triangular
- generally considered to be ovoid with smooth, even borders

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15
Q

the spleen is measured on a

A

longitudinal image from the upper margin (newer the diaphragm) to the inferior margin at the long axis

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16
Q

the spleen is usually measured along its

A

long axis

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17
Q

in length how much does the spleen measure?

A

8 to 12 cm

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18
Q

in the anteroposterior diameter the spleen measures

A

7 cm

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19
Q

in thickness the spleen measures

A

less than 5 cm

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20
Q

the spleen is usually longer than the

A

kidney

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21
Q

when is splenomegaly diagnosed?

A

when the spleen measures more than 13 cm in the adult patient or more than the normal length in a child

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22
Q

the splenic parenchyma should have

A

a fine uniform homogeneous mid-to low-level echo pattern, as is seen within the liver parenchyma

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23
Q

the texture of the spleen is more

A

echogenic than the liver

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24
Q

as the spleen enlarges, the

A

echogenicity increased further

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25
Q

laboratory data of the spleen

A
  • hematocrit
  • bacteremia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • leukocytosis
  • leukopenia
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26
Q

hematocrit

A

indicates the percentage of red blood per volume of blood

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27
Q

bacteremia

A

indicates the presence of bacteria in the body

28
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

abnormal decrease in platelets. may be a result of internal hemorrhage

29
Q

leukocytosis

A

the increase in the number of white blood cell (leukocytes) present in the blood

30
Q

leukopenia

A

abnormal decrease in white blood cells

31
Q

the spleen lies between

A

the left hemidiaphragm and stomach

32
Q

the medial surface is related to

A

the stomach and lesser sac

33
Q

the fundus of the stomach may contain

A

gas or fluid, which may cause confusion in the LUQ when trying to demonstrate the spleen

34
Q

the tail of the pancreas

A

lies posterior to the stomach and lesser sac as it approaches the hilum of the spleen and splenic vessels

35
Q

the left kidney lies

A

inferior and medial to the spleen

36
Q

patient position and technique

A

-LUQ
- steep decubitus
- drop down bed allows better access to LUQ
- alter respiration

37
Q

ligaments of the spleen

A
  • splenorenal ligament
  • gastrosplenic ligament
38
Q

splenorenal ligament

A

extends between the hilum of the spleen and the anterior aspect of the left kidney

39
Q

gastrosplenic ligament

A

a double layer of peritoneum that connects the fundus of the stomach to the hilum of the spleen

40
Q

autosplenectomy

A

no visualization of the spleen, atrophy of the spleen may be found in normal individuals

41
Q

advanced atrophy is sometimes referred as

A

autosplenectomy

42
Q

severe anemia disease and wasting disease

A

involuntary loss of more then 10% of body weight (especially muscle mass) are most likely the cause for autosplenoectomy

43
Q

in the final stages of atrophy,

A

the spleen may be so small that it is hardly recognizable

44
Q

physiology of the spleen

A
  • capsule
    -hilum
    -venous sinuses
    -white pulp
    -red pulp
    -removes old RBC from circulation
45
Q

capsule

A

of connective tissue

46
Q

hilum

A

entrance for blood vessels and nerves

47
Q

venous sinuses

A

contain complex channels through which blood circulation

48
Q

white pulp

A

packed with lymphocytes

49
Q

red pulp

A

packed with erythrocytes

50
Q

red pulp is made up of

A

blood-filled cavities venous sinuses and splenic cords

51
Q

the red pulp acts as a

A

filter and storage reservoir for the blood

52
Q

the white pulp of the spleen participates in the immune system by

A

productions the lymphocytes

53
Q

the white pulp comprises lymph related nodules called

A

Malpighian corpuscles

54
Q

white pulp contains

A

b and t cells (lymphocytes, WBCs)

55
Q

splenic artery

A

provides oxygenated blood to the spleen

56
Q

on entering the splenic hilum

A

the splenic artery immediately branches into 6 smaller arteries to supply the organ with oxygenated blood to profuse the splenic parenchyma

57
Q

splenic arterties are

A

subject to infarction

58
Q

splenic vein is formed by

A

multiple branches in the spleen

59
Q

splenic vein leaves

A

the hilum in a horizontal direction to join the superior mesenteric vein

60
Q

superior mesenteric veins returns

A

unoxygebated blood from the bowel to form the main portal vein

61
Q

splenic vein travels

A

along the posteriormedial border of the pancreas

62
Q

accessory spleen is the

A

most common congenital anomaly

63
Q

accessory spleen may be found

A

in up to 30% of patients

64
Q

sonographic apperance of accessory spleen

A
  • appears as a homogeneous (nodule) pattern like that of the spleen
  • usually found near the hilum or inferior border of the spleen
65
Q

splenic agenesis or asplenia

A

is the complete absence of the spleen

66
Q

polysplenia

A

is a cogential disease manifested by multiple small accessory spleens, rather than a single, full-sized, normal spleen

67
Q

wandering spleen

A

is a rare medical disease caused by the loss or weakening of the ligaments that help to hold the spleen stationary

Spleen (3 decks)

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