Normal/Abnormal Swallow

Question 1

Abnormal oral phase

Answer 1

Drooling
Poor bolus formation
Prolonged oral stage

Question 2

Normal Tongue palatal seal

Answer 2

Soft palate rests against posterior tongue blade without kinking

Question 3

Abnormal tongue palatal seal

Answer 3

Kinking of soft palate
Loss of bolus over BOT
Premature leakage

Question 4

Normal nasopharyngeal seal

Answer 4

Soft palate elevates to appose passavants cushions

Question 5

Abnormal nasopharyngeal seal

Answer 5

Sluggish elevation of soft palate
Nasopharyngeal regurgitate
Retention of valleculae

Question 6

Normal bolus compression and propulsion

Answer 6

Retraction of BOT

Progressive contraction of constrictors

Question 7

Abnormal bolus propulsion and compression

Answer 7

Diminished constriction
Failure of lateral pharyngeal walls to come midline
Retention in vallecula and puriforms

Question 8

Normal hyoid, laryngeal elevation and epiglottic tilt

Answer 8

Larynx moves up and forward
Epiglottis inverts horizontally
Airway is protected

Question 9

Abnormal hyoid, laryngeal elevation and epiglottic tilt

Answer 9

Absent/diminished mandible to hyoid, incomplete absent epiglottic tilt
Valleculae retention
VF open during swallow

Question 10

Normal cricopharyngeal opening

Answer 10

Closes between swallows

Relaxes and opens completely to allow bolus flow

Question 11

Abnormal cricopharyngeal opening

Answer 11

Opens late or incomplete
Closes early
Trapping of bolus

Question 12

Normal esophagus

Answer 12

Peristalsis - moves food down esophagus

Question 13

Abnormal esophagus

Answer 13

Dysmotility
Reflux
Spasm

Question 14

Normal oral phase

Answer 14

Lips engulf bolus
Bolus held at rest in front of mouth
Tongue transfer of bolus into pharynx