Nonsterile Compound Flashcards by Hannah Lapos

What is the non-sterile compounding standard?

USP 795

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What is the sterile compounding standard?

USP 797

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What is the hazardous drug compounding standard?

USP 800

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What is the space requirements for non-sterile compounding?

Room air and separated from the dispensing part of the pharmacy

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How often should proficiency training be initiated?

Q12M

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How do you calculate minimum weighable quantity?

MWQ = SR (sensitivity requirement) / acceptable error rate (typically 0.05 or 5%)

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Compare the graduated cylinder with conical graduates?

Cylinder: More accurate
Conical: Easier to stir but less accurate

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How do you read a graduate cylinder?

Bottom of the meniscus

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What is the most accurate instrument to measure small volumes?

Syringe

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Purpose of glass mortars

Used for liquids and mixing compounds that are oily or can stain

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Purpose of wedgewood mortars?

Due to preferred rough surface that are preferred for grinding dry crystals and hard powders

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Pupose of porcelain mortars?

Due to smooth surface they are preferred for blending powders and pulverizing gummy consistencies

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Difference between steel and rubber spatulas?

Steel: should not be used for metal ions
Rubber: Used to handle corrosive materials

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What are sifters for?

Ensure particles are uniform in size

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What are ointment mills for?

Homogenize ingredients

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Capsules pork-derived components? Plant-derived?

Pork: gelatin
Plant: hypromellose

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Where is the list of high-quality ingredients found?

USP National Formulary (USP-NF)

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What is the default exp date with ingredients missing exp date?

No more than 3 yrs from the date of recipient

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Surfactant

Reduces surface tension between 2 ingredients to make then more miscible (easier to mix)

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Levigating agent?

Reduce surface tension between liquid and solid

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Types of levigating agents?

Mineral oil (lipophilic)
Glycerin, propylene glycol (aqueous)

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Suspending agent

Allows solid particles to be dispersed in liquid

Requiring shaking before use

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What are the commercial suspending agents and how do they differ?

Ora-plus: slightly acidic, bland taste, prevents settling

Ora-sweet: provides flavor to Ora-Plus

Ora-blend: combo of Ora-sweet and plus

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Most common foaming agents?

Simethicone

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Emulsion

Mixture of 2 or more liquids that are immiscible

How do you select the surfactant for emulsions?

HLB lower than 10: more lipid soluble (w/o) HLB higher than 10: more water soluble (o/w)

Allows contents of a tablet stick together?

Bibnder

Examples of binders

Starch paste

Example of diluents and fillers for tablets?

Lactose Starch Calcium salts Cellulose

What is a disintegrate?

Facilitate the break up of tablets after oral administration

Examples of disintegrates?

Alginic acid Cellulose Starches

Artificial sweeteners?

Aspartame Saccharin Sucralose

Caloric sweetners

Glycerin Dextrose Mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol Stevia

Prevents ingredient from sticking

Lubricant

Glidants

Improve powder flowability

Type of lubricant

Mag sterate

Prevents microorganisms from growing? CI?

Preservative CI: neonate

Types of preservatives

Chlrohexidine Povidone iodine Sodium benzoate Sorbic acid Methy/ethyl/propyl EDTA Thimerosal Cetypyridium chloride

What are buffers?

Keep pH within a certain range which can improve stability and solubility

What keeps powders dry?

Adsorbents

Examples of adsorbents?

Magnesium oxide/carbonate, kaolin

Types of gelling agents

Agar ALginates gums (xanthum, acacia) Gelatins Bentonite Cellulose Starches Poloxamer gels

Prevents preparations from becoming dry and brittle

Humectants

Types of humectants?

Glycerin, PEG

Use of potable warm

Handwaching

Use of purified water?

Remove chemicals or contaminants

Use of distilled water

Used of reconstitution to prepare oral suspension

What are the contents of sterile water

Free of bacterial endotoxins (pyrogens)h

What is a preferred disinfectant?

IPA 70%

What is benzyl alcohol used for?

Preservative

What is used as a suppository base

Polybase

What are ointments? Ex?

0-20% water Petrolatum Polybase Aquaphor Aquabase

Rank the ointments from least water content to most?

1. Hydrocarbon bases 2. Absorption bases 3. Water-removable bases 4. Water-soluble bases

What are creams? Ex

20-50% water W/O or O/W emulsions Lipoderm cream Eucerin Cetaphil

What are lotions

Contains the most in water (small amount of alcohol added to solubilize ingredients)

What are gelling agents?

Added to ↑ viscosity and thicken

When to avoid alcohol

Children

When to avoid aspartame

PKU

When to avoid gelatin

Vegetarians and vegan

When to avoid lactose

Lactose intolerance or allergy

When to avoid preservatives

Neonates

When to avoid sorbitol

IBS

When to avoid sucrose

Diabetes

When to avoid xylitol

Dogs and GI upset

What agents improved the flowability of a powder

Mag sterate

Purpose of surfactant? Example?

Neutralize the static charge and keep power flowing away Sodium laurel sulfate

What is the difference between trituration and levigation

Trituration: Grind into homogenous powder Levigation: triturating powder with wetting agent

What is geometric dilution

Mixing to make sure ingredients are evenly distributed

Melting point order

Melt the ingredient with the highest melting point before adding the lower points

What is eutectic mixture

Combination of ingredients melt at a lower temp than either the individual's melting temperatures

What is a syrup?

Oral solution with sugar source

What are elixirs?

Water and alcohol

What is a tinctures

Plant or animal extracts dissolved in alcohol or hydroalcohol

What are spirits?

Alcohols

Dry gum method

1. Levigate gum with oil 2. Add water all at once 3. Titrate by shaking in bottle or mixing until crackling → creamy white 4. Add ingredients 5. Homogenize

Wet gum method

1. Titrate the gum with water to form a mucilage 2. Add oil slowly 3. Add other ingredients as in the dry gum

Method to prepare capsules?

Punch method

Base of lozenges

Sucrose or syrup PEG Glycerin or gelatin

Oil base for buppositores

Cocoa butter Hydrogenated vegetable oils

Water base for suppositories

PEG Gelatin

Nonpreserved aqueous dosage forms BUD

14 days (fridge)

Preserved aqueous dosage forms BUD

35 days

What is an aqueous dosage form

Aw ≥0.6

What is an nonaqueous dosage form

Aw <0.6

Oral liquid (nonaqeuous) BUD

90 days

Non oral (nonaqeuous) BUD

180 days