Nonmalignat Flashcards
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FEUTURE
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RMT
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FEU-NEMF Batch 2026 | Ad astra per aspera
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HEMA - RBC DISORDERS
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Lecturer: Prof. Sherryl L. Manzon
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RMT
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Transcriber: Alanah Jhane Tagpuno
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]st Semester - AY 2024-2025
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RBC DISORDERS
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TWO MAIN TYPES OF RBC DISORDERS
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•
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Polycythemia
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Elevated number of red blood cells.
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• Increases
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blood
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complications.
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viscosity
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leading to
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• Anemia
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• Lower than normal number of red blood cells or
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reduced hemoglobin.
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• Causes problems with oxygen-carrying capacity.
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• Both involve an imbalance in red blood cells but in
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opposite directions.
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• Polycythemia = excess RBCs.
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• Anemia = deficiency of RBCs.
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MEDICAL ATTENTION
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•
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Both need medical evaluation and treatment.
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• Important to address underlying causes and manage
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symptoms.
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ERYTHROPOIESIS
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• Location: Produced in red bone marrow
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• Starting Point: Hematopoietic stem cells (multipotent
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cells in bone marrow)
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These cells can become various blood cell types
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including RBCs.
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DIFFERENTIATION PROCESS
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Hematopoietic
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stem
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cells → Proerythroblast
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(triggered by erythropoietin)
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Erythropoietin: Hormone made by kidneys when
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oxygen levels are low.
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• Proerythroblast → Erythroblast
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• Erythroblasts
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start to accumulate hemoglobin
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(oxygen-carrying protein).
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• Erythroblast → Reticulocyte (the nucleus is removed
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to make room for hemoglobin)
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• Reticulocytes still have
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some organelles and
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ribosomes.
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They circulate in the blood for 1-2 days
maturing
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into fully functional RBCs.
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MATURE RBCS
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Enter the bloodstream.
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• Live for about 120 days.
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Transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and
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bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
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REGULATION
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• Erythropoiesis (RBC production) is tightly controlled to
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keep the right number of RBCs.
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• Ensures the body has enough oxygen-carrying
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capacity.
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Disruptions can cause anemia (too few RBCs) or
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polycythemia (too many RBCs).
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Early stagen
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I HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
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INITIAL DIAGNOSIS
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Consider medical history
physical examination
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and symptoms.
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Perform Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Peripheral
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Blood Smear (PBS)
and other special hematological
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tests.
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KEY PARAMETERS
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• | Hgb
Hct
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High levels of hemoglobin (Hgb)
hematocrit (Hct)
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cell count (RBC count) are
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commonly associated with polycythemia.
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• | Hgb
Hct
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Low levels of these parameters indicate anemia.
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FACTORS AFFECTING RESULTS
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• Technical errors or physiological responses can
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cause false increases or decreases
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in
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these
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parameters.
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ABSOLUTE VS. RELATIVE
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Absolute: True increase or decrease in hemoglobin
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and hematocrit.
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Relative: False increase or decrease due to external
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factors.
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Absolute: Indicates a true change in levels.
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Relative: Indicates a false change in levels.
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POLYCYTHEMIA
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• A condition characterized by an elevated number of
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red blood cells (RBCs) in the bloodstream.
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FORMS OF POLYCYTHEMIA
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• Relative Polycythemia (False)
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There appears to be an increase in RBCs due to
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factors like dehydration
but the actual number of
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RBCs is normal.
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• Absolute Polycythemia (True)
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A true increase in the number of RBCs.
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TYPES OF ABSOLUTE POLYCYTHEMIA
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• Primary Polycythemia
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Caused by a problem in the bone marrow that
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produces too many RBCs.
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• Secondary Polycythemia
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Caused by factors outside the bone marrow
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such as low oxygen levels or certain diseases
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leading to increased RBC production.
