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Hema Non Malignant > Nonmalignat > Flashcards

Nonmalignat Flashcards

1
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FEUTURE

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2
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RMT

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3
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FEU-NEMF Batch 2026 | Ad astra per aspera

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4
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HEMA - RBC DISORDERS

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5
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Lecturer: Prof. Sherryl L. Manzon

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RMT

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6
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Transcriber: Alanah Jhane Tagpuno

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7
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]st Semester - AY 2024-2025

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8
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RBC DISORDERS

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9
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TWO MAIN TYPES OF RBC DISORDERS

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10
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•

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11
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Polycythemia

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12
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Elevated number of red blood cells.

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13
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• Increases

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14
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blood

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15
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complications.

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16
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viscosity

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17
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leading to

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18
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• Anemia

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19
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• Lower than normal number of red blood cells or

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20
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reduced hemoglobin.

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21
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• Causes problems with oxygen-carrying capacity.

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22
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• Both involve an imbalance in red blood cells but in

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23
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opposite directions.

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24
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• Polycythemia = excess RBCs.

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25
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• Anemia = deficiency of RBCs.

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26
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MEDICAL ATTENTION

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27
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•

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28
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Both need medical evaluation and treatment.

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29
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• Important to address underlying causes and manage

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30
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symptoms.

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31
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ERYTHROPOIESIS

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32
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• Location: Produced in red bone marrow

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33
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• Starting Point: Hematopoietic stem cells (multipotent

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34
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cells in bone marrow)

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35
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These cells can become various blood cell types

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36
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including RBCs.

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37
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DIFFERENTIATION PROCESS

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38
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Hematopoietic

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39
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stem

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40
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cells → Proerythroblast

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41
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(triggered by erythropoietin)

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42
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Erythropoietin: Hormone made by kidneys when

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43
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oxygen levels are low.

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44
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• Proerythroblast → Erythroblast

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45
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• Erythroblasts

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46
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start to accumulate hemoglobin

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47
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(oxygen-carrying protein).

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48
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• Erythroblast → Reticulocyte (the nucleus is removed

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49
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to make room for hemoglobin)

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50
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• Reticulocytes still have

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51
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some organelles and

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52
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ribosomes.

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53
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They circulate in the blood for 1-2 days

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maturing

54
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into fully functional RBCs.

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55
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MATURE RBCS

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56
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•

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57
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Enter the bloodstream.

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58
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• Live for about 120 days.

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59
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Transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and

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60
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bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

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61
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REGULATION

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62
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• Erythropoiesis (RBC production) is tightly controlled to

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63
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keep the right number of RBCs.

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64
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• Ensures the body has enough oxygen-carrying

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65
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capacity.

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66
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Disruptions can cause anemia (too few RBCs) or

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67
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polycythemia (too many RBCs).

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68
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Early stagen

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69
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I HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

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70
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INITIAL DIAGNOSIS

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71
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Consider medical history

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physical examination

72
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and symptoms.

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73
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Perform Complete Blood Count (CBC)

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Peripheral

74
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Blood Smear (PBS)

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and other special hematological

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tests.

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76
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KEY PARAMETERS

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77
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• | Hgb

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Hct

78
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High levels of hemoglobin (Hgb)

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hematocrit (Hct)

79
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cell count (RBC count) are

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80
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commonly associated with polycythemia.

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81
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• | Hgb

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Hct

82
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Low levels of these parameters indicate anemia.

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83
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FACTORS AFFECTING RESULTS

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84
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• Technical errors or physiological responses can

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85
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cause false increases or decreases

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86
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in

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these

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88
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parameters.

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89
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ABSOLUTE VS. RELATIVE

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90
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Absolute: True increase or decrease in hemoglobin

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91
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and hematocrit.

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92
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Relative: False increase or decrease due to external

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93
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factors.

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94
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Absolute: Indicates a true change in levels.

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95
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Relative: Indicates a false change in levels.

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96
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POLYCYTHEMIA

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97
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• A condition characterized by an elevated number of

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98
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red blood cells (RBCs) in the bloodstream.

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99
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FORMS OF POLYCYTHEMIA

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100
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• Relative Polycythemia (False)

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101
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There appears to be an increase in RBCs due to

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102
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factors like dehydration

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but the actual number of

103
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RBCs is normal.

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104
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• Absolute Polycythemia (True)

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105
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A true increase in the number of RBCs.

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106
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TYPES OF ABSOLUTE POLYCYTHEMIA

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107
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• Primary Polycythemia

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108
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Caused by a problem in the bone marrow that

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109
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produces too many RBCs.

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110
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• Secondary Polycythemia

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111
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Caused by factors outside the bone marrow

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112
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such as low oxygen levels or certain diseases

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113
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leading to increased RBC production.

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Hema Non Malignant (1 decks)

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