NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOUR IN DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
LOOKING TIME METHODS
habituation- attention to stimuli decreases with increased exposure
violation of expectation paradigm-when infants see something they don’t expect, they show surprise.
preferential looking
FACIAL RECOGNITION
THEORIES: The ability to see integrated visual patterns is learned
The organizational process of visual information is innate.
Goren, Sarty, Wu: 40 babies tested, they were shown 4 faces (normal face, moderately scrambled face, scrambled face, and blank face)
result: they spent more time looking at the normal face (preferential looking)
preferences in faces emerge between 2-4 months
newborns prefer to look at an inverted socket (it looks more like a face)
NUMERACY SKILLS
children have basic numeracy skills from a much younger age than expected
they can anticipate what numbers to expect when they ate added/taken away from an array
criticisms : children can memorise the position in the array
MORALITY
OBJECT PERMANENCE: children as young as 5 months old can understand that an object still exists when you can’t see them
PHYSICS: children understand gravity after 3 years old
MORALITY: Babies seem to care for others
They gesture/point to lost objects when they see adults are looking for them
they do not prolong pointing if the adult seems disinterested
Children will only help an adult retrieve an object if the adult appears to have lost the item
PAUL BLUE
INDUCTIVE REASONING
Infants are capable of logical reasoning
Children (10-13 month olds) were exposed to three animals with a dominance hierarchy
Children showed surprise when they saw an incongruent act of dominance
GESTURES
BALANCE BEAM TASKS: types of gestures discovered- the middle, the weight and the distance.
gesture-mismatch: when speech and gesture give conflicting messages
gestures reduce cognitive load and improve memory.
gestures use videospatial
THE ROLE OF GESTURES IN LEARNNG
