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Non-Sterile Compounding > Non-Sterile Compounding > Flashcards

Non-Sterile Compounding Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for an electronic balance?

A

Analytical balance

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2
Q

what is the sensitivity requirement (SR) of Torsion balances?

A

6mg

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3
Q

What is the minimum weighable quantity of a torsion balance?

A

120mg, which is calculated by dividing the SR(6mg) by 0.05, which is 5%, the acceptable error rate

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4
Q

What are glass mortars used for?

A

glass mortars are used for liquids, and for mixing compounds that are oily or can stain

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5
Q

What are Wedgwood mortars used for?

A

Wedgwood mortars have a rougher surface, and are preferred for grinding dry crystals and hard powders

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6
Q

What are Porcelain mortars used for?

A

Porcelain mortars have a smoother surface, and are preferred for blending powders and pulverizing gummy consistencies.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of an ointment mill?

A

It grinds and homogenizes the ingredients. This will make the ointment smoother and remove the grittiness of the compounded product.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a Homogenizer?

A

It’s an electric mortar and pestle, can be used to mix ointments, creams, or other semi-solid preparations.

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9
Q

What is the Master Formulation record?

A

It is the recipe that provides the ingredients and instructions on how to prepare the compounded product.

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10
Q

What is the compounding log?

A

It is the log book of all products made at the pharmacy

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11
Q

What does the Quality assurance (QA) plan include?

A

The QA plan includes the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), which are itemized steps on how to perform routine and expected tasks in the pharmacy.

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12
Q

What does Comminution mean?

A

Comminution means to REDUCE solids from an average particle size to a smaller average particle size, by crushing, grinding or a similar process. Trituration and levigation

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13
Q

What does Trituration mean?

A

Trituration means grinding the powder into smaller, finer particles. This can be done with a mortar and pestle.

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14
Q

What does Levigation mean?

A

Levigation is trituration (grinding powder into smaller particles) while also adding a liquid (wetting agent/levigating agent)

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15
Q

What is geometric dilution?

A

Geometric dilution is used to make a smooth and uniform mixture: a small amount of the drug powder is mixed into an equal amount of other ingredients. After the initial small amount is thoroughly mixed, another equal amount of the remaining ingredients is mixed in. This repeated until all the ingredients are mixed together.

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16
Q

What are excipients?

A

Excipients are the other ingredients in a drug that are NOT the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)

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17
Q

What do Glidant/lubricant do?

A

Improve the flowability of a powder: magnesium stearate

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18
Q

What do Surfactants do?

A

Surfactants are used to neutralize the static charge and keep the powder from floating away: Sodium lauryl sulfate.

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19
Q

What is an eutectic mixture?

A

Eutectic mixtures means that two components, when mixed, will melt at a lower temperature than the melting temperature.

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20
Q

What is an adsorbent powder used for?

A

Can be used to keep the powder dry: Magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate or kaolin

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21
Q

What are capsules made of?

A

gelatin (animal product), or hypermellose (a vegetable product)

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22
Q

What are(2) things used as plasticizers to make the capsules less brittle and more flexible?

A

Glycerol and sorbitol are used as plasticizers.

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23
Q

What 2 things are used as a base in Hard lozenges?

A

sucrose and syrup are used as a base for hard lozenges

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24
Q

What 1 thing is used as a base in Soft lozenges?

A

PEG is used as a base in soft lozenges

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25
Q

What 2 things are used as a base in chewable lozenges?

A

glycerin and gelatin are used for chewable lozenges.

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26
Q

Between Lotions, Creams and Ointments, which contains the more water?

A

Lotions contain the most water.

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27
Q

Between Lotions, Creams and Ointments, which contains the least water?

A

Ointments contain the least water

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28
Q

What (2) Oil soluble (oleaginous) bases are used for suppositories?

A

Oil-soluble bases include cocoa butter (Theobroma oil) and hydrogenated vegetable oils (palm, palm, kernel, and coconut oils)

29
Q

What (2) water soluble bases are used for suppositories?

A

Water-soluble bases include polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers and glycerinated gelatin.

30
Q

What is the hand molding method for making Suppositories?

A

Cocoa butter is grated and then mixed with drugs. The mass is rolled into a cylinder, which is cut into suppository size pieces. A tip is formed on one end to make insertion easier.

31
Q

What is the Fusion molding method for making suppositories?

A

The base is gently heated, the ingredients are added, and the mixture is poured into room temperature molds and left to take shape.

32
Q

What is the compression molding method for making suppositories?

A

Use the drug’s density factor to see the amount of base required to fill each mold. The base is grated, mixed with the drug, and put into a cold compression mold.

33
Q

What (2) lubricants are good for oil-soluble bases?

A

Glycerin or propylene glycol are good lubricants for oil soluble bases.

34
Q

What (2) lubricants are good for water-soluble bases?

A

mineral oil or vegetable oil spray are good lubricants for water-soluble bases.

35
Q

What is an Emulsion?

A

an Emulsion is a liquid dispersed in a liquid. It is a two-phase heterogeneous mixture.

36
Q

What is an emulsifier?

A

An emulsifier is a type of surfactant that is used to reduce the surface tension between oil and water. The emulsifier allows the two phases to come closer together.

37
Q

What is a Suspension?

A

A suspension is a solid dispersed in a liquid.

38
Q

What is a wetting agent/levigating agent?

A

A wettting agent/levigating agent is a type of surfactant used to incorporate an insoluble drug into a liquid, which make a suspension.

39
Q

What are (4) levigating agents?

A

Glycerin, Mineral oil, polyethylene glycol (PEG), propylene glycol.

40
Q

Mineral oil is a good lubricant for what type of suppository base?

A

Mineral oil is a good lubricant for water soluble suppository bases.

41
Q

Glycerin is a good lubricant for what type of suppository base?

A

Glycerin is a good lubricant for Oil-soluble soppository bases.

42
Q

What is a Solution?

A

A solution is a solute dissolved in a solvent (such as NaCl, dissolved in water)

43
Q

What is Sedimentation?

A

Sedmentation is the process of a solid settling on the bottom of a container is sedimentation.

44
Q

Agents with a low HLB number <10 are more _____ soluble and are used for ______ emulsions?

A

Agents with a low HLB number <10 are more oil-soluble and are used for water in oil (w/o) emulsions?

45
Q

Agents with a high HLB number >10 are more _____ soluble and are used for ______ emulsions?

A

Agents with a high HLB number >10 are more water soluble and are used for oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions?

46
Q

What are the purpose of Adsorbents?

A

to keep powders dry

47
Q

What are (3) examples of Adsorbants?

A

Magnesium oxide/carbonate, kaolin

48
Q

What are 2 examples of Anti-foaming agents?

A

Simethicone, dimethicone

49
Q

What is the purpose of Antioxidants

A

Prevents oxidation (loss of electrions)

50
Q

What is and example of an Antioxidant?

A

Ascorbic acid

51
Q

What is the purpose of Buffers?

A

Buffers maintain the formulation within the acceptable pH range

52
Q

What are 2 examples of Buffers?

A

Potassium phosphate/metaphosphate, and Sodium acetate/citrate

53
Q

What are the purpose of coatings?

A

Coatings prevent degradation due to oxygen, light, moisture, mask unpalatable taste.

54
Q

what are 3 examples of coatings?

A

Shellac, gelatin, gluten (food grade)

55
Q

What is the purpose of Diluents?

A

Diluents add size to very small dosages. (Fillers)

56
Q

What are 6 examples of diluents?

A

Starches, Calcium salts, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, celluose.

57
Q

What is the purpose of Emollient?

A

It acts as a vehicle for drug delivery

58
Q

What is 1 example of an Emollient?

A

Petroleum jelly.

59
Q

What is 2 examples of enteric coating?

A

Cellulose acetate phthalate, Shellac

60
Q

What is 2 examples of Sugar free, artificial flavoring agents?

A

Aspartame, saccharin

61
Q

List 8 examples of flavoring agents

A

Glycerin, dextrose, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, phenylalanine, stevia, xylitol.

62
Q

What is the purpose of Gelling (thichening) agents?

A

Increases the viscosity of a substance; can stabilize the mixture.

63
Q

What are the 2 most common gelling agents?

A

Gelatin and bentonite

64
Q

What is the purpose of Humectant

A

Prevents preparation from becoming dry and brittle

65
Q

What are 3 oral preservatives?

A

Parabens, Sodium benzoate, benzoic acid.

66
Q

What is Chlorhexidine used for?

A

Chlorhexidine is used as a preservative, and is also used as an alcohol-based antiseptic for surgical scrubs and dental rinse.

67
Q

What are 5 opthalmic preservatives?

A

EDTA, Sodium Benzoate, benzoic acid, benzalkonium chloride (BKA), Thimerosal.

68
Q

What is the Beyond use date for a Nonaqueous formulations (Such as a drug in petrolatum)

A

No later than the time remaining until the earliest expiration date of any API or 6 months. Store at room temperature.

69
Q

What is the Beyond use date for water containing oral formulations (such as an oral suspension)

A

No later than 14 days. Store in refrigerator.

Non-Sterile Compounding (2 decks)

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