Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthopedics II - Cervical > Non-spinal orthopedic & peripheral nerve entrapments pages 12 to 18 > Flashcards

Non-spinal orthopedic & peripheral nerve entrapments pages 12 to 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder conditions usually refer proximally or distally? bilateral or unilateral? aggravated by motion or prolonged postures?

A

distally
unilateral
motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What joint lesion can masquerade as both a cervical and shoulder problem?

A

acromioclavicular joint lesions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 3 types of proximal neurological entrapment?

A
  1. Greater Occipital Nerve
  2. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)
  3. Brachial Plexopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 3 types of intermediate nerve entrapment?

A
  1. Dorsal Scapular Nerve
  2. Long Thoracic Nerve
  3. Suprascapular Nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 3 types of distal neurological entrapments?

A
  1. Radial Nerve entrapment
  2. Ulnar Nerve entrapment
  3. Median Nerve entrapment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

63% of patients with non-diagnosed chronic non-resolving neck pain may have it be of what origin?

A

facet joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where will pain in C2-C3 facet joints refer to?

A

Upper cervical region, may go up to ear, forehead, or eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where will pain in C3-C4 facet joints refer to?

A

posterolateral cervical region to suboccipital region. follows course of levator scapulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where will pain in C4-C5 facet joints refer to?

A

Posterolateral pain extending to top of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where will pain in C5-C6 facet joints refer to?

A

Triangular distribution of pain from upper trap and down to the spine of the scapula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where will pain in C6-C7 facet joints refer to?

A

Extends beyond spine of the scapula. Covers upper trapezius like the C5-C6 distribution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common causes of non-traumatic facet joint pain?

A

Age related causes such as loss of H2O and height in the IVD, loss of GAG’s and H2O in the facet, and osteophytes in the subchondral bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common traumatic cause of facet joint pain?

A

MVA’s. Hyperext: compression. Hyperflex: tear joint capsule. Axial loading from hitting roof of vehicle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the sinuvertebral nerve supply?

A

It supplies the outer 1/3 of the disc at its segmental level and contributes to the innervation of the level above it. Also supplies dura mater at its level and 2 levels below and 1 level up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What must you screen for 1st if you suspect Degenerative Disc Disease?

A

myelopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are X-rays not helpful in dx of DDD?

A

Because the incidence of disc degeneration (minimum of 1 level) in patients over the age of 40 is 25% and after 55 is 82%.

17
Q

What are 4 treatment techniques for patients with DDD?

A
  1. Reassurance
  2. Postural correction exercises
  3. soft tissue techniques and joint manipulation (start with thoracic spine)
  4. Intermittent traction
18
Q

Describe radicular pain.

A

Pain when nerve root is being compressed. Tends to travel in narrow bands, is intense and easy to localize.

19
Q

What are the 2 ways the nerve root can be compressed? Describe them.

A
  1. Direct: mechanical compression of either a herniated disc or pressure from an osteophyte.
  2. Indirect: Venous congestion and edema from acute inflammatory state (with chemical irritation possibly)
20
Q

True radiculopathy presents with what 5 signs/symptoms?

A
  1. Pain in dermatome at level affected
  2. Motor weakness in myotome at level affected
  3. Decreased reflexes
  4. Sensory changes (usually paraesthesia in UE due to overlap of dermatomes)
  5. Tenderness on palpation along dermatome
21
Q

What is the 2 most common nerve roots affected by radiculopathy?

A

C6

C7

22
Q

What motions and tests may be positive in cervical radiculopathy?

A

Motions: reduced ipsilateral cervical rotation, relief if symptoms with cervical distraction or placing arm over head
Tests: Spurling’s test and ULTT

23
Q

Treatment for radiculopathy

A

Milder: Intermittent mechanical traction and NSAID’s
Severe: Surgery if neuro deficit and pain continue longer than 3 months

24
Q

What are the 5 signs associated with poor outcome for radiculopathy patients?

A
  1. Hx of episodic occurences over 5 years
  2. > 3 previous episodes
  3. bilateral paraesthesia
  4. females over 50
  5. progressive worsening of symptoms
25
Q

What are 4 symptoms and signs of neck involvement in headaches?

A
  1. Precipitation of comparable head pain by neck movement/posture
  2. pressure over the upper cervical/occipital region
  3. restriction of ROM in neck
  4. ipsilateral neck, shoulder or arm pain
26
Q

Tension Headache or Migraine?

  1. May have aura lasting 1 hour before headache
  2. photo and phonophobia present
  3. pulsating quality
  4. mild to moderate intensity
  5. nausea or vomiting
  6. headache lasting 30 minutes to 7 days.
  7. moderate to severe intensity
  8. unilateral
  9. headache lasting 4 to 72 hours
  10. not aggravated by physical acticity
A
  1. migraine
  2. migraine
  3. migraine
  4. tension
  5. migraine
  6. tension
  7. migraine
  8. migraine
  9. migraine
  10. tension
27
Q

Common impairments found in PT examination in the patient with cervicogenic headaches

A
  1. Reduced passive physiological motion at the OA joint.
  2. Reduced passive accessory motion on UPA of C1
  3. Forward head posture
  4. Inability/poor contraction of the deep cervical flexors, lower trapezius, and shoulder ext. rotators
  5. Neural mechanosensitivity
28
Q

Treatment of cervicogenic headaches

A

Correct impairments. Best result from combo of manual therapy and exercise, especially deep flexor strengthening.

29
Q

What is the key way to distinguish degenerative instability and fracture instability of the cervical spine?

A

degenerative instability presents with decreased active and passive motion in sitting but improves with lying.

30
Q

What are 4 treatment principles for degenerative instability of the c-spine?

A
  1. Stabilization exercises to unstable segments
  2. Manipulation/Mobilization of the hypomobile areas
  3. Posture correction
  4. Restore normal movement patterns and muscle function (proprioceptive training, deep cervical flexor strengthening, trigger point treatment)

Orthopedics II - Cervical (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions