Non-Specific Defenses

Question 1

Innate Immunity

Answer 1

From birth
Always present - rapid response
No memory
Skin and mucous membranes
Phagocytes, inflammation, fever, antimicrobials

Question 2

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 2

Specific response to microbes
Slower response
Memory
Lymphocytes (T and B cells)

Question 3

Skin

Answer 3

First line of defense
Close packed and layerd cells = physical barrier
Lysozyme in sweat tears and urine breaks down cell walls of gram + and some gram -
Secretion of unsaturated fatty acids means the skin has low pH

Question 4

Sebum

Answer 4

Creates oily protective layer

Lowers pH of skin

Question 5

Mucous Membranes

Answer 5

First line of defense - physical barrier
Gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts
Secrets mucous
Can be penetrated in large quantities

Question 6

Phagocytosis

Answer 6

Ingests invaders or clears away debris
White blood cells
Plan of Attack:
-Chemotaxis: attracted by chemical signaling
-Adherence: attachment to plasma membrane
-Ingestion: pseudopods engulf membrane to form sac (phagosome) that pumps in H+ ions
-Digestion: membranes join and form phagolysosome which hydrolyzes peptidoglycan in cell walls
Undigestible “residual bodies” are pushed out of the cell
-

Question 7

Macrophages

Answer 7

Phagocytes
Monocytes that leave the blood system become macrophages
Clean up old blood cells
Fixed or Wandering

Question 8

Dendritic Cells

Answer 8

Phagocytes

Epidermis, mucous membranes, thymus and lymph nodes

Question 9

Neutrophils

Answer 9

Dominate initial response at site of attack

Question 10

Signs of Inflammatory Response

Answer 10

Redness
Pain
Heat
Swelling
Loss of function

Question 11

Purpose of Inflammation

Answer 11

Push microbes out of the body
Destruction by pressure
Walling off microbe to protect rest of body
Repair injured tissue in the area