Non-Species Specific Flashcards
Which three hormones regulate ionized serum calcium (Ca) levels?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol D3
What are stereotypies?
Stereotypies are abnormally frequent, repetitive, nonproductive behaviors that could indicate poor animal welfare conditions.
How long do most states require medical records to be kept?
3 - 5 years
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is immediate?
Type I
When an antigen is presented in a Type I hypersensitivity reaction, what happens in the body?
B cells produce IgE antibodies
A prolonged activated clotting time (ACT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is indicative of?
Hemophilia A
Dogs or cats with hemophilia A typically have less than 10% of what clotting factor?
Factor VIII
What type of suture material is commonly used on skin?
Nylon and prolene
Prolene is what type of suture?
Monofilament, non-absorbable
What type of suture is PDS (polydioxanone)?
Monofilament, absorbable (degraded by hydrolysis in ~ 180 days)
Which two suture patterns are used for closing hollow viscera and why?
Connell and Cushing, because each creates a watertight seal and are effective at inverting tissue
What is the difference between the Connell and Cushing suture patterns?
The Connell goes through the lumen but the Cushing only goes through the submucosa.
Name two everting suture patterns.
Horizontal and vertical mattress
Topical insecticides are regulated by what agency?
EPA
What is the purpose of a case study?
To generate a hypothesis
Which clotting factors are dependent on Vitamin K?
Factors II, VII, IX, and X
What are the Five Domains?
Nutrition, physical environment, health, behavioral interactions, and mental state
Specificity defines the numbers of what in testing?
True negatives and false positives
Sensitivity defines the number of what?
True positives and false negatives
What kind of toxic plant can cause acute death?
Milkweed - a cardiac glycoside
What does bracken fern cause?
In ruminants, it causes bone marrow depression with clinical signs appearing after approximately 3 months
What does moldy sweet clover cause?
Coagulopathy via vitamin K antagonism after consumption over a long period of time
What does ragwort cause?
Liver disease after several months
Lactate is primarily metabolized by what organ?
Liver - the kidneys and skeletal muscle also metabolize lactate to a lesser extent
What value of lactate is considered normal?
> 2.25 mmol/L
Lactate values are used to predict survival in what two species and under what circumstances?
Dogs: in gastric dilatation volvulus
Horses: colic and sepsis
Which suture pattern is used to help appose tissues that have increased tension?
Ford interlocking pattern
What dog breeds can have a genetic zinc deficiency and what can it cause?
Siberian huskies, Alaskan Malamutes, Samoyeds, Doberman Pinschers, and Great Danes. It can cause zinc responsive dermatosis at mucocutaneous junctions, pressure points, and periocular and perioral regions.
What is the primary cause of diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs?
Immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic islet cells
What are the primary causes of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cats?
Insulin resistance, beta-cell exhaustion, and pancreatic amyloid deposition
An anti-inflammatory injectable dose of a corticosteroid is contraindicated in what animal and why?
A pregnant cow because the cow is the only animal susceptible to corticosteroid-induced parturition.
Which hormone is essential to maintain pregnancy in all domestic animals?
Progesterone
In animal welfare, what are the three circles of the Three Circles Model?
- physical health
- natural living
- affective states
What does positional, vertical nystagmus indicate?
Central vestibular disease
How many adult teeth does a pig have?
44
How many adult teeth does a dog have?
42
How many adult teeth does a horse have?
36-44
How many adult teeth does a cat have?
30
How many adult teeth does a ruminant have?
32
What is the physiologic effect of an ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor?
vasodilation
What plant is this and what does it cause?
Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) contains cardiac glycosides which cause arrhythmias or asystole, hyperkalemia, vomiting and diarrhea. Can be lethal. Also used to make digoxin.
What plant is this and what does it cause?
Oleander (Nerium oleander) contains cardiac glycosides which cause arrhythmias or asystole, hyperkalemia, vomiting and diarrhea. Can be lethal.
