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Endocrinology and lactation > Non-Professional Organ/Hormones > Flashcards

Non-Professional Organ/Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Organ: Adipose

A

Hormone: Leptin, Adiponectin

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2
Q

Organ: Bone

A

Hormone: undercarboxylated osteoclacin

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3
Q

Organ: Heart

A

Hormone: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

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4
Q

Organ: Immune Cells

A

Hormone: Cytokines (various)

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5
Q

Organ: Kidneys

A

Hormones: Renin, Calcitrol, Erythropoietin

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6
Q

Organ: Liver

A

Hormones: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Fibroblast growth factor 21

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7
Q

Organ: Mammary Gland

A

Hormone: Parathyroid hormone-related protein

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8
Q

Organ: Skeletal Muscle

A

Hormone: Irisin

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9
Q

Organ: small and large intestine

A

Hormone: Gut peptides (several)

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10
Q

Organ: Stomach

A

Hormone: Ghrelin

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11
Q

Leptin

A

Controls appetite and metabolism to prevent excess adipose accumulation

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12
Q

Adiponectin

A

Promotes adipose tissue development; enhanced when body weight is low

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13
Q

Undercarboxylated osteocalcin

A

Released by osteoblasts and promotes now mineralization, but also acts to enhance insulin release and insulin sensitivity in other tissues

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14
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

A

Decreases blood pressure by increasing renal sodium excretion and thereby decreasing blood volume

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15
Q

Cytokines

A

Activate or calm other immune cells, depending on the specific cytokines released. Also act on non-immune cells, including in the liver, muscle, and brain.

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16
Q

Renin

A

Initiated an endocrine axis called the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, which ultimately causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure.

17
Q

Calcitrol

A

A form of Vitamin D, it acts on the gut to enhance calcium absorption

18
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Triggered by hypoxia, it is released and travels to bone marrow to activate red blood cell production

19
Q

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)

A

The second messenger in the somatotropic (GH) axis, triggering growth and/or lactation

20
Q

Fibroblast growth factor 21

A

Induced during fasting, FGF21 affects both the liver and adipose tissue to promote glucose and ketone production

21
Q

Parathyroid hormone-related protein

A

A lactation-induced hormone that may stimulate release of calcium from bone

22
Q

Irsin

A

An exercise-induced hormone that may alter adipose tissue function and promote bone mineralization.
May also promote brain function, including improved serotonin release and reduced depression.

23
Q

Gut peptides

A

Generally help organs adapt to nutrient inflow, including gall bladder contraction, enhanced insulin secretion, slower gastric emptying, and decreased appetite.

24
Q

Ghrelin

A

A unique peptide that is released in anticipation of a meal as its concentration drops after a meal begins; promotes appetite and also stimulate GH (ST) release

Endocrinology and lactation (4 decks)

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