Non Nursing Theories

Question 1

Systems Theory

first conceptualized by Austrian biologist

Answer 1

Ludwig von Bertalanffy

Question 2

organized wholes comprised of component parts that interact in a distinct way over time

Answer 2

systems

Question 3

all sytems are composed of

Answer 3

subsystems or parts that are in dynamic interaction

Question 4

Systems respond to or interact with the environment in varying degrees. Therefore

Answer 4

systems vary in their capacity to be relatively “closed” or “open” in nature.

Question 5

change theory

* universally recognized as the founder of modern social psychology

Answer 5

kurt lewin

Question 6

the three stage model

Answer 6

unfreezing-change-refreeze model

Question 7

step 1: becoming motivated to

change

Answer 7

unfreezing

Question 8

step 2: change what needs to be

changed

Answer 8

(unfrozen and moving to a new state)

Question 9

step 3: making the change

permanent

Answer 9

refreezing

Question 10

Freud’s Psychosexual Development

*Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis

Answer 10

Sigmund Freud

Question 11

Sexual energy=

Answer 11

libido, the driving force of human behavior

Question 12

*describes any sensual pleasure

Answer 12

Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory

Question 13

*From birth to 1 year old

Answer 13

oral phase

Question 14

*1 – 3 years old (Toddlerhood)

Answer 14

anal phase

Question 15

*acquisition of voluntary sphincter control (toilet training)

Answer 15

anal phase

Question 16

3-5 or 6 years old (preschooler)

•

Answer 16

phallic phase

Question 17

gender identity develops
–superego is internalized
–“Oedipal/Electra complex”

Answer 17

phallic phase

Question 18

•5 or 6 y/o to puberty (School age)

Answer 18

latency (latent) phase

Question 19

•Puberty - adulthood

•

Answer 19

Genital Phase

Question 20

pioneered the use of theory, using experimentation to test hypothesis

Answer 20

kurt lewin

Question 21

●theorized a three-stage model

Answer 21

kurt lewin

Question 22

A child’s sexual gratification becomes focused on a particular body part.

Answer 22

Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory

Question 23

A person may remain stalled or “fixated” at a particular stage or regress to an earlier stage.

Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory

Answer 23

Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory

Question 24

•Major site of enjoyment & tension : mouth, lips and tongue, includes biting and sucking activities

Answer 24

oral phase

Question 25

•Major site of enjoyment & tension :

mouth, lips and tongue, includes biting and sucking activities

Answer 25

oral phase

Question 26

main focus : anal region

- elimination takes on new importance

Answer 26

anal phase

Question 27

Children find pleasure in both the retention of feces and defecation

Answer 27

anal phase

Question 28

Focus: punishment and cleanliness

•

Answer 28

anal phase

Question 29

RESIDUALS: perfectionist, meticulous, organized,

Answer 29

anal phase

Question 30

Children’s libido (energy) appears to be diverted into concrete thinking such as school activities.

Answer 30

latent (latency) phase

Question 31

socialization outside the
   home starts
•“chum period” – bestfriend
•Homosexual stage of
   development

Answer 31

latent (latency) phase

Question 32

also known as Oedipal stage

•

Answer 32

phallic phase

Question 33

children’s pleasure zone appears to shift from the anal to the genital area
•

Answer 33

phallic phase

Question 34

Exhibitionism and
masturbation are common.
•Boys experience “castration fear”, girls experience “penis envy.”

Answer 34

phallic phase

Question 35

RESIDUALS: exhibitionist,

pedophile, voyeurism

Answer 35

phallic phase

Question 36

main events:
–establishing new sexual aims
–finding of new love objects
•

Answer 36

genital stage

Question 37

Heterosexual stage of

development

Answer 37

genital stage

Question 38

•becomes independent and
plans for the future;
involves the capacity for
true intimacy

Answer 38

genital stage