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CCEA GCSE > Non Metals > Flashcards

Non Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

How do we prepare hydrogen in the lab?

A

By reacting a metal with acid.

E.g. Zinc + hydrochloric acid –> salt + hydrogen

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2
Q

Describe a chemical reaction when hydrogen acts as a reducing agent.

A

Hydrogen reduces black copper oxide forming copper (Orange brown solid)

Hydrogen + copper oxide –> copper + water

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3
Q

Describe an important chemical reaction involving hydrogen

A

Hydrogen + oxygen –> water

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4
Q

Give three uses for hydrogen

A

Meteorological balloons
Rocket fuel
Clean fuel

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5
Q

Why is hydrogen a clean fuel?

A

Hydrogen is combusted with oxygen but the product is water, which is not a pollutant. CO2 is not produced.

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6
Q

Give three uses of carbon dioxide

A

Fire extinguishers
Fizzy drinks
Dry ice

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7
Q

How is carbon dioxide made?

A

Reaction of a metal carbonate with acid.

Metal carbonate + acid –> salt + water + carbon dioxide

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8
Q

Give three physical properties of carbon dioxide

A

More dense than air
Colourless
Odourless

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9
Q

Describe the test for CO2

A

Bubbled through limewater, turns cloudy

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 –> CaCO3 + H2O

Excess CO2 white precipitate disappears to form a clear solution
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O –> Ca(HCO3)2

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10
Q

Give three physical properties of nitrogen.

A

Same density as air
Colourless
Odourless

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11
Q

Give two uses of nitrogen

A

Packaging

Fast freezing

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12
Q

Give three physical properties of oxygen

A

Same density as air
Colourless
Odourless

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13
Q

Give three uses of oxygen

A

Medicine
Welding
Rockets

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14
Q

Describe the chemical reaction to produce oxygen in the lab.

A

Hydrogen peroxide –> oxygen + water

A catalyst manganese dioxide is added to hydrogen peroxide

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15
Q

Give three physical properties of ammonia.

A

Colourless gas
Characteristic smell
Soluble in water

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16
Q

Which toxic gas is produced when carbon is not burnt in a plentiful supply of air.

A

Carbon monoxide

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17
Q

Why is nitrogen chemically inert?

A

There is a triple covalent bond between the nitrogen atoms in each molecule.

18
Q

Describe a chemical reaction between ammonia and concentrated hydrochloric acid

A

White fumes of ammonium chloride gas are observed. This go an be used as a test for ammonia gas.

19
Q

Describe the fountain experiment

A

Dry ammonia gas is placed in a round bottomed flask. The end of the jet is immersed in a trough of water containing universal indicator. A small amount of water is injected into the round bottomed flask. The ammonia gas dissolves, pressure in the flask reduces and water rushes up from the trough. The water turns blue from the tip of the jet. NH3 + H2O –> NH4OH

20
Q

What is produced when ammonia reacts with acids

A

The ammonium salt

Ammonium sulfate
Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium chloride

21
Q

What is ammonia used for

A

To make fertilisers

22
Q

Give two advantages of using fertilisers

A

Enhances nitrogen uptake by the plant, producing healthier And larger plants
Increases crop yield and profits

23
Q

Give two disadvantages of using fertilisers

A

Can be washed into rivers and cause eutrophication

Nitrates can get into drinking water causing types of stomach cancer and blue baby syndrome

24
Q

How is ammonia made

A

In the Haber process

N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3 (reversible reaction)
400°C 
Iron catalyst
200 atm
Unrelated gases are recycled
25
Q

Which other reactions does ammonia solution undergo?

A

Can be used to test for metal cations because ammonium hydroxide has hydroxide ions and a precipitate will form ( see tests for ions with sodium hydroxide solution)

26
Q

Describe the appearance of sulfur

A

Yellow solid that burns in oxygen with a blue flame to form sulfur dioxide gas.

27
Q

Name the two allotropes of sulfur

A

Rhombic and monoclinic

28
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

Different forms of the same element in the same physical state

29
Q

Give three physical properties of sulfur dioxide

A

Yellow
Gas
Pungent
Heavier than air

30
Q

Describe an environmental problem created by sulfur dioxide

A

Dissolves in water forming sulfurous acid

H2O + SO2 –> H2SO3

Sulfurous acid reacts with more water and oxygen forming sulfuric acid which falls as acid rain

31
Q

How does acid rain harm the environment

A

Damages vegetation, forests
Kills fish in rivers
Corrodes buildings and statues

32
Q

Which measures can prevent acid rain

A

Burn less fossil fuels
Remove sulfur from the fuels
Remove acidic gases by adding chimney scrubbers

33
Q

Describe the Contact Process for preparing Sulfuric Acid

A

Sulfur burns in air to form sulfur dioxide
S + O2 –> SO2
Using a catalyst, sulfur dioxide reacts with more oxygen forming sulfur trioxide
The catalyst is vanadium (v) oxide, temp 450°C, 2 atm
SO2 + O2 –> SO3 (reversible)
Sulfur trioxide is mixed with sulfuric acid to form oleum
SO3 + H2SO4 –> H2S2O7
Oleum is diluted to form sulfuric acid
H2S2O7 + H2O –> 2H2SO4

34
Q

Why is the pressure 2atm for the Contact process?

A

A high pressure favours more product but very high pressures are expensive to reach and dangerous.

35
Q

Why is the temperature 450°C in Contact process

A

A lower temperature favours higher yield of sulfur trioxide but the catalyst will only work at temperatures above 450°

36
Q

Why is the pressure 200atm for the Haber process?

A

High pressure gives better yield of ammonia.

37
Q

Why is the temperature 400°C for Haber process

A

High temperature would reduce the yield of NH3 but high temp is needed for the iron catalyst to work.

38
Q

Give three uses of sulfuric acid

A

Car batteries
Fungicide
Vulcanisation of rubber

39
Q

What is observed when conc sulfuric acid reacts with sugar

A

Turns black and rises from the beaker. Steam given off and the smell of burning caramel is observed.
C6H12O6 –> 6C + 6H2O

40
Q

How do you dilute conc sulfuric acid safely?

A

Add acid to water

41
Q

Name some other reactions of sulfuric acid.

A

Metal + acid –> salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate –> salt+ water+ carbon dioxide
Acid + base –> salt + water

42
Q

Give three physical properties of hydrogen

A

Colourless
Odourless
Gas

CCEA GCSE (6 decks)

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