non mendelian and pattern of inheritance Flashcards
affected by several loci
non mendelians
do not follow simple dominance
non mendelian
Describes the inheritance of traits linked to single genes on chromosome in nucleus
non mendelian
Describes the inheritance of traits linked to single genes on chromosome in nucleus
non mendelian
blending of trait
inc dominance
A condition when during the heterozygous condition the dominant allele does not completely
overpower the recessive allele
codominance / inc dominance
Neither allele is dominant or recessive
codominance
not blending
codominance
1:2:1
inc dominance
Dominant allele only partially mask the presence of
recessive trait
inc dominance
recessive/dominant: A
dominant
recessive/dominant: B
dominant
recessive/dominant: O
recessive
4 phenotype of abo system
a, b, ab, o
give the genotype: A
AA or AO
give the genotype: B
BB or BO
give the genotype: AB
AB
give the genotype: O
OO
amorph gene or the silent gene
O phenotype (does not produce any antigen)
Inheritance pattern for traits that are
controlled by more than one gene
POLYGENIC
INHERITANCE
There is a phenotype gradient
POLYGENIC
INHERITANCE
controlled by multiple genes
POLYGENIC
INHERITANCE
Multiple genes affects the inheritance of 1 trait
POLYGENIC
INHERITANCE
Genes capable of causing death of organism carrying them
lethal genes
The effect on phenotype is profoundly negative and causes the organism to exhibit many
disadvantageous characteristics which can lead to death
lethal genes
Death from genetic disease can occur at any stage of development or life.
lethal genes
very true in homozygous condition
lethal genes
disease destroying nerve cell
huntingtons disease (lethal genes)
associated with death
lethal genes
achondroplasia is an example of ?
lethal genes
having both achondroplasia parent, what is the chances that the offspring will die as embryos?
1:4 or 25%
among the survivors offspring of both achondroplasia parents, what are the chances of them having a normal height offspring
1:3 or 33%
among the survivors offspring of both achondroplasia parents, what are the chances of them having a achondroplasia offspring
2:3 or 67%
charts are used to display family relationships
pedigrees
depict which relatives
have specific phenotypes and sometimes genotypes
pedigrees
under pedigrees: filled shapes
person expresses trait
half filled shapes
carriers
sex unspecified
diamond
roman numerals meaning
number of generation
arabic numerals
number of individual in a generation
arrow
person who prompted pedigree analysis (proband)
vertical broken lines
adoption
Interaction between alleles in heterozygotes
patterns of inheritance
one allele controls the phenotype
dominant
one parent must have the trait
dominant
does not skip generation
dominant
not expressed in heterozygotes
recessive
neither parent is required to have the trait since they can be heterozygous
recessive
autosomal ratio
If it is 50/50 ratio between men and women
the gene in question is located on one of the numbered chromosome or nonsex chromosome
AUTOSOMAL
X-Linked transmission
Transmission of traits depends on the genes in sex chromosome
male to male transmission is not observed
x -linked
One mutated copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient for a person to be affected
autosomal dominant
autosomal dominant transmission
MALE & FEMALE can transmit the trait to their offspring
in autosomal dom, if 1 affected parent how many offspring will be affected
1/2
autosomal dominant: both parent are affected then?
Homozygote for the dominant
condition -> severe condition
Need 2 mutated copies of gene for it to manifest
autosomal recessive
Appears in MALE = FEMALE
autosomal dominant and recessive
in autosomal recessive, affected person can have unaffected parents (t or f )
true
percentage of the progeny that will be affected in autosomal recessive
25%
Show fewer affected individual
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
Skipping of generation
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
Unaffected individual can have affected offspring
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
autosomal recessive diseases
Ex: Cystic fibrosis, Albinism
more common in female than male
x linked dominant
in x linked dom, affected father will affect (daughter or son)?
daughters
in x linked dom, affected mother will affect (daughter or son)?
son and daughter (50:50)
xlinked dominance: Severe effect in male because there is
no other allele to mask its effects (t or f)
true
more common on males than females
x linked recessive
always expressed in males
x linked recessive
affected sons are born to affected or unaffected mother? (x linked recessive)
affected
male to male transmission in x -linked recessive (t or f)
false
some of daughters of affected father will become carrier ( tor F)
false (ALL daughters)
EX: Hemophilia A and G6PD
x linked recessive
HOLANDRIC Inheritance
y linked recessive
only males are affected
y linked recessive
it is passed from father to all sons under y linked recessive (t or f)
true
in y linked recessive, it does not skip generations ( true or false)
true (even though it is recessive)
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA
mitochondrial inheritance
maternal inheritance
mitochondrial inherti
only daughters can pass it to their children
mitochondrial
affect both m and f
mitochondrial
