Non Lung Cancer Thoracic Surgery Flashcards
What is an abscess?
A collection of pus in the body surrounded by granulation tissue
Causes of lung abscess
Aspiration, including foreign body Pneumonia PTE Lung cancer Septic emboli
What may happen if the pus from the abscess comes through the pleural cavity?
Cause severe pain
What may happen is the pus from the abscess comes into the main airway?
Patient could cough up a lot of pus
What type of bacteria is associated with a bad smell?
Anaerobic bacteria
What is an empyema?
Pus in the pleural space
Causes of empyema
Post pneumonic Post op Oesophageal (ruptured oesophagus) Upper abdo related Osteomyelitis Post traumatic
Pathology of empyema
Inflammatory process
Thickening of visceral and parietal pleura which prevents the lung expanding as its lost its elasticity (trapped lung)
How does a pleurectomy and decortication work?
- Peel away parietal pleura
- Peel away visceral pleura off lung surface. (quite difficult as pleura thick and inflamed)
- Evacuate pus
- Lung re expands
What is done to check the pleurectomy and decortication has worked?
CXR
What does the thymus gland produce?
T cells
Do thymomas have malignant potential?
Yes
Are all thymomas removed?
Yes
Least malignant thymoma
Thymolipoma
Most malignant thymoma
Thymic carcinoma
What is the thymus gland derived from?
Pharyngeal pouches
Examples of thymic tumours
Thymoma Thymolipoma Thymic carcinoma Carcinoid tumours of the thymus Lymphoma
What would tracheal surgery be used for?
DONT TEND TO OPERATE ON TRACHEA Repair of iatrogenic injury Tracheal tumours - salivary gland tumours - squamous carcinomas
Where do adenoid cystic carcinomas arise from?
Arise from mucous glands in the trachea (tends to be non smokers)
Who tends to get squamous carcinomas of the trachea?
Smokers
Are the benign tumours of the chest likely to be removed?
Yes, because they are likely to grow to large sizes and take over the space the lungs are meant to be in