Non-invasive ventilation Flashcards
What type of lung disease is NIV used in?
Non-invasive ventilation is used as an alternative to full intubation and ventilation to support the lungs in respiratory failure due to obstructive lung disease
Intubation and ventilation involves what?
Intubation and ventilation involves giving the patient a general anaesthetic, putting a plastic tube into the trachea and ventilating the lungs artificially.
What does NIV involve?
Non-invasive ventilation involves using a full face mask or a tight fitting nasal mask to blow air forcefully into the lungs and ventilate them without having to intubate them
What are the two types of NIV?
Non invasive ventilation can either be BiPAP or CPAP.
What does BiPAP stand for?
BiPAP stands for bilevel positive airway pressure.
What does CPAP stand for?
CPAP stands for continuous positive airway pressure.
What does BiPAP involve?
This involves a cycle of high and low pressure to correspond to the patients inspiration and expiration.
When is BiPAP used?
BiPAP is used where there is type 2 respiratory failure, typically due to COPD
What is the criteria for starting BiPAP?
Respiratory acidosis (pH < 7.35, PaCO2 >6) despite adequate medical treatment.
Reg decision
What are the main contraindications for BiPAP?
The main contraindications are an untreated pneumothorax or any structural abnormality or pathology affecting the face, airway or GI tract.
What needs to be done prior to starting BiPAP?
Patients should have a chest xray prior to NIV to exclude pneumothorax where this does not cause a delay
What does CPAP involve?
It provides continuous air being blown into the lungs that keeps the airways expanded so that air can more easily travel in and out. It is used to maintain the patient’s airway in conditions where it is prone to collapse.
What are the indications for CPAP?
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Congestive cardiac failure
Acute pulmonary oedema
