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Non Insulin Flashcards

1
Q

Acarbose - Dosages

A

50 mg, 100 mg tablets

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2
Q

Acarbose - Pharmacology Class

A

α-Glucosidase inhibitor

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3
Q

Acarbose - Maximum Dose

A

300 mg/day in divided doses for patients over 60 kg, 150 mg/day for patients under 60 kg

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4
Q

Acarbose - Adverse Effects

A

Gastrointestinal issues (flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea), possible transient increase in hepatic enzymes, rarely hypoglycemia.

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5
Q

Acarbose - Administration Notes

A

Take with the first bite of each meal. Titrate dose slowly to minimize side effects. Not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment (serum creatinine >2 mg/dL). Use with caution in patients with liver disease or digestive issues.

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6
Q

Miglitol - Pharmacology Class

A

α-Glucosidase inhibitor

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7
Q

Metformin - Brand Names

A

Glucophage, APO-Metformin, Metforbax, Rehamet, Metfortex, Metfobet

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8
Q

Metformin - Dosages

A

500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg tablets, also available in extended release forms like Glucophage XR

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9
Q

Metformin - Pharmacology Class

A

Biguanide

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10
Q

Metformin - Maximum Dose

A

2550 mg per day

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11
Q

Metformin - Adverse Effects

A

Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, diarrhea, metallic taste), Vitamin B12 deficiency, rarely lactic acidosis, can cause weight loss or be weight neutral.

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12
Q

Metformin - Administration Notes

A

Take with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Start with low doses and gradually increase. Avoid in patients with severe kidney disease (eGFR < 60 mL/min), liver disease, or alcohol abuse. Hold medication 48 hours before and after contrast imaging.

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13
Q

Gliclazide - Brand Names

A

Diamicron, Diabezid

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14
Q

Gliclazide - Dosages

A

30 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg tablets

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15
Q

Gliclazide - Pharmacology Class

A

Sulfonylurea

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16
Q

Gliclazide - Maximum Dose

A

320 mg

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17
Q

Gliclazide - Adverse Effects

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, GI issues. Hypersensitivity, potential for liver and blood problems.

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18
Q

Gliclazide - Administration Notes

A

Take with food. Use with caution in the elderly and those with kidney or liver disease.

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19
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Brand Names

A

Daonil, Glibutex

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20
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Dosages

A

1.25, 2.5 and 5mg

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21
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Pharmacology Class

A

Sulfonylurea

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22
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Maximum Dose

A

20 mg

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23
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Adverse Effects

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain.

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24
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Administration Notes

A

Take with food. Use with caution in the elderly due to risk of hypoglycemia.

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25
Glipizide - Pharmacology Class
Sulfonylurea
26
Glipizide - Maximum Dose
40 mg
27
Glipizide - Adverse Effects
Hypoglycemia, weight gain.
28
Glipizide - Administration Notes
Short-acting, may be preferred in elderly patients.
29
Glimepiride - Brand Name
Amaryl
30
Glimepiride - Dosages
1,2,3,4mg tabs
31
Glimepiride - Pharmacology Class
Sulfonylurea
32
Glimepiride - Maximum Dose
8 mg
33
Glimepiride - Adverse Effects
Hypoglycemia, weight gain.
34
Glimepiride - Administration Notes
Take with first meal of the day.
35
Repaglinide - Dosages
0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets
36
Repaglinide - Pharmacology Class
Glinide
37
Repaglinide - Maximum Dose
16 mg per day
38
Repaglinide - Adverse Effects
Hypoglycemia, weight gain.
39
Repaglinide - Administration Notes
Take with meals.
40
Nateglinide - Pharmacology Class
Glinide
41
Nateglinide - Adverse Effects
Hypoglycemia, weight gain.
42
Nateglinide - Administration Notes
Take before meals.
43
Pioglitazone - Dosages
15 mg, 30 mg, 45 mg tablets
44
Pioglitazone - Pharmacology Class
Thiazolidinedione (TZD)
45
Pioglitazone - Maximum Dose
45 mg
46
Pioglitazone - Adverse Effects
Fluid retention, edema, weight gain, potential risk for bladder cancer, liver failure, increased risk of fractures.
47
Pioglitazone - Administration Notes
Can be taken with or without food. Avoid in patients with heart failure. Monitor liver enzymes.
48
Rosiglitazone - Pharmacology Class
Thiazolidinedione (TZD)
49
Rosiglitazone - Adverse Effects
Increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI)
50
Canagliflozin - Pharmacology Class
SGLT2 inhibitor
51
Canagliflozin - Adverse Effects
Hypotension, increased risk of infection, increased risk of fractures, ketoacidosis, lower limb amputation.
52
Canagliflozin - Administration Notes
Not recommended for use in hospitalized patients due to risk of hypotension and ketoacidosis.
53
Empagliflozin - Brand Names
Jardiance, Glorypa, Synorypa
54
Empagliflozin - Dosages
10 mg, 25 mg tablets. Also available in combination with metformin.
55
Empagliflozin - Pharmacology Class
SGLT2 inhibitor
56
Empagliflozin - Adverse Effects
Hypotension, increased risk of infection, increased risk of fractures, ketoacidosis, lower limb amputation.
57
Empagliflozin - Administration Notes
Not recommended for use in hospitalized patients. Take at morning to not wet bed.
58
Dapagliflozin - Pharmacology Class
SGLT2 inhibitor
59
Dapagliflozin - Adverse Effects
Hypotension, increased risk of infection, increased risk of fractures, ketoacidosis, lower limb amputation.
60
Sitagliptin - Brand Name
Januvia, Sitavix, Ziptin
61
Sitagliptin - Dosages
25 mg, 50 mg tablets. Also available in combination with metformin (Januvex, Ziptin).
62
Sitagliptin - Pharmacology Class
DPP-4 inhibitor
63
Sitagliptin - Adverse Effects
Generally well tolerated, may cause hypoglycemia when used with other hypoglycemic agents.
64
Sitagliptin - Administration Notes
Can be taken once daily.
65
Saxagliptin - Pharmacology Class
DPP-4 inhibitor
66
Linagliptin - Brand Names
Linaglip, Melijent, Glorenta (combined with empagliflozin)
67
Linagliptin - Dosages
5 mg tablets. Available in combination with metformin (Melijent-M).
68
Linagliptin - Pharmacology Class
DPP-4 inhibitor
69
Linagliptin - Adverse Effects
Generally well tolerated, may cause hypoglycemia when used with other hypoglycemic agents.
70
Linagliptin - Administration Notes
Safe for use in patients with chronic kidney disease, no dose adjustment needed. Can be taken once daily.
71
Alogliptin - Pharmacology Class
DPP-4 inhibitor
72
Liraglutide - Brand Name
Victoza
73
Liraglutide - Dosages
Available as pre-filled pens. Initial dose is 0.6 mg daily, with gradual increase to 1.2 mg or 1.8 mg daily for diabetes management and 3 mg for weight management.
74
Liraglutide - Pharmacology Class
GLP-1 analog
75
Liraglutide - Adverse Effects
Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting), risk of pancreatitis and thyroid tumors, potential for kidney damage.
76
Liraglutide - Administration Notes
Inject subcutaneously once daily. Start at a low dose and gradually increase. Not recommended in pregnancy.
77
Exenatide - Pharmacology Class
GLP-1 analog
78
Exenatide - Adverse Effects
Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting), potential for kidney damage, risk of pancreatitis and hypersensitivity reactions.
79
Exenatide - Administration Notes
Administer subcutaneously 60 minutes before main meals. Not recommended for patients with severe kidney disease (CrCl<30 mL/min).
80
Albiglutide - Pharmacology Class
GLP-1 analog
81
Dulaglutide - Pharmacology Class
GLP-1 analog
82
Pramlintide - Brand Name
Symlin
83
Pramlintide - Pharmacology Class
Amylin analog
84
Pramlintide - Adverse Effects
Hypoglycemia when used with insulin, gastrointestinal issues.
85
Pramlintide - Administration Notes
Inject subcutaneously before meals. Reduce insulin dose when starting pramlintide. Avoid in patients with gastroparesis.
86
Colesevelam - Pharmacology Class
Bile acid sequestrant
87
Cholestyramine - Pharmacology Class
Bile acid sequestrant
88
Bromocriptine - Pharmacology Class
Dopamine-2 agonist

Diabetes (2 decks)

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