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Diabetes > Non Insulin > Flashcards

Non Insulin Flashcards

1
Q

Acarbose - Dosages

A

50 mg, 100 mg tablets

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2
Q

Acarbose - Pharmacology Class

A

α-Glucosidase inhibitor

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3
Q

Acarbose - Maximum Dose

A

300 mg/day in divided doses for patients over 60 kg, 150 mg/day for patients under 60 kg

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4
Q

Acarbose - Adverse Effects

A

Gastrointestinal issues (flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea), possible transient increase in hepatic enzymes, rarely hypoglycemia.

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5
Q

Acarbose - Administration Notes

A

Take with the first bite of each meal. Titrate dose slowly to minimize side effects. Not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment (serum creatinine >2 mg/dL). Use with caution in patients with liver disease or digestive issues.

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6
Q

Miglitol - Pharmacology Class

A

α-Glucosidase inhibitor

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7
Q

Metformin - Brand Names

A

Glucophage, APO-Metformin, Metforbax, Rehamet, Metfortex, Metfobet

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8
Q

Metformin - Dosages

A

500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg tablets, also available in extended release forms like Glucophage XR

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9
Q

Metformin - Pharmacology Class

A

Biguanide

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10
Q

Metformin - Maximum Dose

A

2550 mg per day

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11
Q

Metformin - Adverse Effects

A

Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, diarrhea, metallic taste), Vitamin B12 deficiency, rarely lactic acidosis, can cause weight loss or be weight neutral.

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12
Q

Metformin - Administration Notes

A

Take with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Start with low doses and gradually increase. Avoid in patients with severe kidney disease (eGFR < 60 mL/min), liver disease, or alcohol abuse. Hold medication 48 hours before and after contrast imaging.

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13
Q

Gliclazide - Brand Names

A

Diamicron, Diabezid

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14
Q

Gliclazide - Dosages

A

30 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg tablets

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15
Q

Gliclazide - Pharmacology Class

A

Sulfonylurea

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16
Q

Gliclazide - Maximum Dose

A

320 mg

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17
Q

Gliclazide - Adverse Effects

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, GI issues. Hypersensitivity, potential for liver and blood problems.

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18
Q

Gliclazide - Administration Notes

A

Take with food. Use with caution in the elderly and those with kidney or liver disease.

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19
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Brand Names

A

Daonil, Glibutex

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20
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Dosages

A

1.25, 2.5 and 5mg

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21
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Pharmacology Class

A

Sulfonylurea

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22
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Maximum Dose

A

20 mg

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23
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Adverse Effects

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain.

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24
Q

Glibenclamide/Glyburide - Administration Notes

A

Take with food. Use with caution in the elderly due to risk of hypoglycemia.

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25
Q

Glipizide - Pharmacology Class

A

Sulfonylurea

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26
Q

Glipizide - Maximum Dose

A

40 mg

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27
Q

Glipizide - Adverse Effects

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain.

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28
Q

Glipizide - Administration Notes

A

Short-acting, may be preferred in elderly patients.

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29
Q

Glimepiride - Brand Name

A

Amaryl

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30
Q

Glimepiride - Dosages

A

1,2,3,4mg tabs

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31
Q

Glimepiride - Pharmacology Class

A

Sulfonylurea

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32
Q

Glimepiride - Maximum Dose

A

8 mg

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33
Q

Glimepiride - Adverse Effects

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain.

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34
Q

Glimepiride - Administration Notes

A

Take with first meal of the day.

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35
Q

Repaglinide - Dosages

A

0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets

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36
Q

Repaglinide - Pharmacology Class

37
Q

Repaglinide - Maximum Dose

A

16 mg per day

38
Q

Repaglinide - Adverse Effects

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain.

39
Q

Repaglinide - Administration Notes

A

Take with meals.

40
Q

Nateglinide - Pharmacology Class

41
Q

Nateglinide - Adverse Effects

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain.

42
Q

Nateglinide - Administration Notes

A

Take before meals.

43
Q

Pioglitazone - Dosages

A

15 mg, 30 mg, 45 mg tablets

44
Q

Pioglitazone - Pharmacology Class

A

Thiazolidinedione (TZD)

45
Q

Pioglitazone - Maximum Dose

46
Q

Pioglitazone - Adverse Effects

A

Fluid retention, edema, weight gain, potential risk for bladder cancer, liver failure, increased risk of fractures.

47
Q

Pioglitazone - Administration Notes

A

Can be taken with or without food. Avoid in patients with heart failure. Monitor liver enzymes.

48
Q

Rosiglitazone - Pharmacology Class

A

Thiazolidinedione (TZD)

49
Q

Rosiglitazone - Adverse Effects

A

Increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI)

50
Q

Canagliflozin - Pharmacology Class

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

51
Q

Canagliflozin - Adverse Effects

A

Hypotension, increased risk of infection, increased risk of fractures, ketoacidosis, lower limb amputation.

52
Q

Canagliflozin - Administration Notes

A

Not recommended for use in hospitalized patients due to risk of hypotension and ketoacidosis.

53
Q

Empagliflozin - Brand Names

A

Jardiance, Glorypa, Synorypa

54
Q

Empagliflozin - Dosages

A

10 mg, 25 mg tablets. Also available in combination with metformin.

55
Q

Empagliflozin - Pharmacology Class

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

56
Q

Empagliflozin - Adverse Effects

A

Hypotension, increased risk of infection, increased risk of fractures, ketoacidosis, lower limb amputation.

57
Q

Empagliflozin - Administration Notes

A

Not recommended for use in hospitalized patients. Take at morning to not wet bed.

58
Q

Dapagliflozin - Pharmacology Class

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

59
Q

Dapagliflozin - Adverse Effects

A

Hypotension, increased risk of infection, increased risk of fractures, ketoacidosis, lower limb amputation.

60
Q

Sitagliptin - Brand Name

A

Januvia, Sitavix, Ziptin

61
Q

Sitagliptin - Dosages

A

25 mg, 50 mg tablets. Also available in combination with metformin (Januvex, Ziptin).

62
Q

Sitagliptin - Pharmacology Class

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

63
Q

Sitagliptin - Adverse Effects

A

Generally well tolerated, may cause hypoglycemia when used with other hypoglycemic agents.

64
Q

Sitagliptin - Administration Notes

A

Can be taken once daily.

65
Q

Saxagliptin - Pharmacology Class

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

66
Q

Linagliptin - Brand Names

A

Linaglip, Melijent, Glorenta (combined with empagliflozin)

67
Q

Linagliptin - Dosages

A

5 mg tablets. Available in combination with metformin (Melijent-M).

68
Q

Linagliptin - Pharmacology Class

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

69
Q

Linagliptin - Adverse Effects

A

Generally well tolerated, may cause hypoglycemia when used with other hypoglycemic agents.

70
Q

Linagliptin - Administration Notes

A

Safe for use in patients with chronic kidney disease, no dose adjustment needed. Can be taken once daily.

71
Q

Alogliptin - Pharmacology Class

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

72
Q

Liraglutide - Brand Name

73
Q

Liraglutide - Dosages

A

Available as pre-filled pens. Initial dose is 0.6 mg daily, with gradual increase to 1.2 mg or 1.8 mg daily for diabetes management and 3 mg for weight management.

74
Q

Liraglutide - Pharmacology Class

A

GLP-1 analog

75
Q

Liraglutide - Adverse Effects

A

Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting), risk of pancreatitis and thyroid tumors, potential for kidney damage.

76
Q

Liraglutide - Administration Notes

A

Inject subcutaneously once daily. Start at a low dose and gradually increase. Not recommended in pregnancy.

77
Q

Exenatide - Pharmacology Class

A

GLP-1 analog

78
Q

Exenatide - Adverse Effects

A

Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting), potential for kidney damage, risk of pancreatitis and hypersensitivity reactions.

79
Q

Exenatide - Administration Notes

A

Administer subcutaneously 60 minutes before main meals. Not recommended for patients with severe kidney disease (CrCl<30 mL/min).

80
Q

Albiglutide - Pharmacology Class

A

GLP-1 analog

81
Q

Dulaglutide - Pharmacology Class

A

GLP-1 analog

82
Q

Pramlintide - Brand Name

83
Q

Pramlintide - Pharmacology Class

A

Amylin analog

84
Q

Pramlintide - Adverse Effects

A

Hypoglycemia when used with insulin, gastrointestinal issues.

85
Q

Pramlintide - Administration Notes

A

Inject subcutaneously before meals. Reduce insulin dose when starting pramlintide. Avoid in patients with gastroparesis.

86
Q

Colesevelam - Pharmacology Class

A

Bile acid sequestrant

87
Q

Cholestyramine - Pharmacology Class

A

Bile acid sequestrant

88
Q

Bromocriptine - Pharmacology Class

A

Dopamine-2 agonist

Diabetes (2 decks)

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