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Immune system > Non Infectious > Flashcards

Non Infectious Flashcards

1
Q

Non-infectious

A
  • cannot spread from one person to another

- they are not contagious

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2
Q

caused by- (non infectious)

A

-genetic factors including inherited diseases
(haemophilia and cystic fibrosis)

-environmental factors
(exposure, diet, stress and ageing diseases)

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2
Q

Diseases

A
  • any change that impairs the function of an individual in some way
  • causes harm to the individual
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3
Q

Infectious

A
  • can spread from one organism to another

- are contagious

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4
Q

Vectors

A

-organisms that carry the pathogen without being infected or affected themselves
(mosquitos, houseflies, rats, mice)

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5
Q

Quarantine

A

-strict isolation of sick people from others for a period of time in order to prevent the spread of disease

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6
Q

catch by- (infectious)

A
  • direct contact with infected people
  • vectors

-contact with contaminated objects
(food, air or surfaces)

-contaminated water

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7
Q

Pathogens

A

-a disease causing organism

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8
Q

Cellular Pathogens

A

-pathogens that are made up of cells

tapeworms, head lice, fungi, protozoans, bacteria

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9
Q

Non-cellular pathogens

A

-are not made up of cells

viruses, prions, viriods

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10
Q

Parasites

A

-organisms that live in or on another organism (host). The parasite benefits while usually harming the host (pathogens) but not all do

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11
Q

Endoparasite

A

-live INSIDE the hosts body

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12
Q

Ectoparasite

A

-live OUTSIDE the hosts body

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13
Q

Host

A

-supplies something needed by the parasite

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14
Q

Primary host

A

-used for the adult stage

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15
Q

Secondary host, Immediate host

A

-used for the larval stage of parasite

16
Q

Prions

A
  • non cellular pathogens
  • infectious proteins that convert your normal proteins into prion protein
  • responsible for degenerative neurological diseases
17
Q

Viruses

A
  • non cellular pathogens
  • consists of DNA or RNA enclosed within one or more protein coats
  • are very small, can only been seen with a powerful electron microscope
  • need to infect a host to reproduce
18
Q

Infectious viral diseases include;

A
  • warts
  • rubella
  • mumps
  • AIDS

-Pathogenic viruses make you ill

19
Q

Bacteria

A

-are microscopic, unicellular organisms

-small percentage cause diseases
pneumonia,gastroenteritis, tetanus, meningitis,whooping cough

20
Q

Classified on the basis of their shape of cell-

A
  • spherical bacterium (COCCUS)
  • rod shaped bacterium (BACILLUS)
  • spiral shaped bacterium (SPIROCHAETE)
21
Q

Protozoans

A
  • single cell organisms usually found within their host body

- causes malaria and amoebic dysentery

22
Q

Defences

A

-a healthy body helps you to defend yourself against infectious disease by setting up natural barriers, or lines of defence.

23
Q

1st Line

A

NON SPECIFIC

  • skin
  • nasal hair
  • nose or throat mucus
  • tears, saliva
  • stomach acid
24
Q

2nd Line

A

NON-SPECIFIC
always in your body

-white blood cells (phagocytes) destroy invading microbs

25
Q

3rd Line

A

SPECIFIC

SPLEEN
-filters blood and contains t-lymphocytes to destroy pathogens

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
- B-lymphocytes destroy pathogens

26
Q

Antigens

A

a foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body.

-mutate

27
Q

Antibodies

A

a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen

28
Q

Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic

A

ENDEMIC
-a disease present in certain parts of the world at a constant rate. eg/ Malaria in parts of Africa will always be there.

EPIDEMIC
-increase of the outbreak of an endemic

PANDEMIC
-worldwide outbreak

29
Q

How vaccines work

A

A dead or weaker strain of a virus is injected into the body and antibodies are produced to destroy this weak virus. These created antibodies become memorised and dormant, so if there is to be a full strength virus you will already have enough antibodies to fight it.

30
Q

Zone of inhibition

A

The clear region around the paper disk saturated with a disinfectant or antibiotic and the agar and bacterial surface. The larger the zone of inhibition the more effective the antimicrobial agent is.

31
Q

Antibiotics

A

a medicine that that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

32
Q

Agar

A

a jelly like substance obtained from algae that is used in agar plates in order to provide nutrition to the bacteria.

Immune system (2 decks)

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