Non Infectious Flashcards
Non-infectious
- cannot spread from one person to another
- they are not contagious
caused by- (non infectious)
-genetic factors including inherited diseases
(haemophilia and cystic fibrosis)
-environmental factors
(exposure, diet, stress and ageing diseases)
Diseases
- any change that impairs the function of an individual in some way
- causes harm to the individual
Infectious
- can spread from one organism to another
- are contagious
Vectors
-organisms that carry the pathogen without being infected or affected themselves
(mosquitos, houseflies, rats, mice)
Quarantine
-strict isolation of sick people from others for a period of time in order to prevent the spread of disease
catch by- (infectious)
- direct contact with infected people
- vectors
-contact with contaminated objects
(food, air or surfaces)
-contaminated water
Pathogens
-a disease causing organism
Cellular Pathogens
-pathogens that are made up of cells
tapeworms, head lice, fungi, protozoans, bacteria
Non-cellular pathogens
-are not made up of cells
viruses, prions, viriods
Parasites
-organisms that live in or on another organism (host). The parasite benefits while usually harming the host (pathogens) but not all do
Endoparasite
-live INSIDE the hosts body
Ectoparasite
-live OUTSIDE the hosts body
Host
-supplies something needed by the parasite
Primary host
-used for the adult stage
Secondary host, Immediate host
-used for the larval stage of parasite
Prions
- non cellular pathogens
- infectious proteins that convert your normal proteins into prion protein
- responsible for degenerative neurological diseases
Viruses
- non cellular pathogens
- consists of DNA or RNA enclosed within one or more protein coats
- are very small, can only been seen with a powerful electron microscope
- need to infect a host to reproduce
Infectious viral diseases include;
- warts
- rubella
- mumps
- AIDS
-Pathogenic viruses make you ill
Bacteria
-are microscopic, unicellular organisms
-small percentage cause diseases
pneumonia,gastroenteritis, tetanus, meningitis,whooping cough
Classified on the basis of their shape of cell-
- spherical bacterium (COCCUS)
- rod shaped bacterium (BACILLUS)
- spiral shaped bacterium (SPIROCHAETE)
Protozoans
- single cell organisms usually found within their host body
- causes malaria and amoebic dysentery
Defences
-a healthy body helps you to defend yourself against infectious disease by setting up natural barriers, or lines of defence.
1st Line
NON SPECIFIC
- skin
- nasal hair
- nose or throat mucus
- tears, saliva
- stomach acid
2nd Line
NON-SPECIFIC
always in your body
-white blood cells (phagocytes) destroy invading microbs
3rd Line
SPECIFIC
SPLEEN
-filters blood and contains t-lymphocytes to destroy pathogens
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
- B-lymphocytes destroy pathogens
Antigens
a foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body.
-mutate
Antibodies
a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen
Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic
ENDEMIC
-a disease present in certain parts of the world at a constant rate. eg/ Malaria in parts of Africa will always be there.
EPIDEMIC
-increase of the outbreak of an endemic
PANDEMIC
-worldwide outbreak
How vaccines work
A dead or weaker strain of a virus is injected into the body and antibodies are produced to destroy this weak virus. These created antibodies become memorised and dormant, so if there is to be a full strength virus you will already have enough antibodies to fight it.
Zone of inhibition
The clear region around the paper disk saturated with a disinfectant or antibiotic and the agar and bacterial surface. The larger the zone of inhibition the more effective the antimicrobial agent is.
Antibiotics
a medicine that that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
Agar
a jelly like substance obtained from algae that is used in agar plates in order to provide nutrition to the bacteria.
