Non - gender theorists

Question 1

Social Groups

Answer 1

Peter Trudgill
-1974 Norwich Study
- Studied the suffix ‘ing’
- Believed our language is based on external factors such as environment and social class
- Upper- working and lower- middle class more likely to use non- standard
- Men more likely to use non- standard
- Women more likely to use overt prestige in order to avoid judgement on appearance
- Women did use non - standard in humorous settings

Question 2

Deborah Cameron

Answer 2

• Gender theory
• Our language is uniquely tailored to ourselves
• If we categorise our language into gender then it is insufficient and incorrect

Question 3

Labov Martha Vineyard Study

Answer 3

• Our language determines our social identity
• Fisherman centralised their diphthongs in order to isolate themselves away from tourists and create their own dialect

Question 4

Jenny Cheshire

Answer 4

Reading study
- Found more non standard forms in boys to fit into subculture of gangs
- inflections /s/ ‘I calls her’

Question 5

Milroy

Answer 5

Belfast study
- closely knit communities in Belfast share non- standard forms

Question 6

Occupation

Answer 6

Hall
- Language is based on our occupation

Question 7

Swales

Answer 7

• 6 characteristics

Question 8

What other factors impact our language usage?

Answer 8

• Region
• Age
• Social class/ status
• Occupation