Non-fic Education: The Art and Science of Teaching Primary Reading, Christopher Such Flashcards
How many people in England are ‘functionally illiterate’? (Clue: … .. … )
Meaning?
Around one in six people in England are functionally illiterate, meaning that they have difficulty reading about unfamiliar topics or from unfamiliar sources.
What is uncommon and not prioritised by schools (reading related)?
Professional reading (reading focused on one’s profession)
What does a symbol become once it has begun to represent a word?
A logograph (severing the link between images and the things they represent)
… no longer pictograph representing WORD not object
“In practice, however, there was a snag: evidence taken from the study of early written languages suggests an upper limit to the number of individual symbols that humans can memorise in a functional written language, around …. – …. Given that the average English speaker has a vocabulary that far exceeds this limit (something also true for the vast majority of languages), a purely logographic written language simply can’t represent the entire spoken language.”
“In practice, however, there was a snag: evidence taken from the study of early written languages suggests an upper limit to the number of individual symbols that humans can memorise in a functional written language, around 2000–5000. Given that the average English speaker has a vocabulary that far exceeds this limit (something also true for the vast majority of languages), a purely logographic written language simply can’t represent the entire spoken language.”
What is a ‘lethal mutation’ in educational terms?
A concept that has morphed into something else because the users (perhaps teachers) don’t understand WHY something works (but have just been TOLD that it does).
What does McGuinness mean when he says “all codes are reversible mapping systems”..?
“Put simply, the writer turns sounds into written letters; the reader does the reverse.”
How many phonemes in written English?
44
(BTW “… any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language…”)
Btw- 44 bc was date of Julius Caesar assassination
Fluent reading is defined by Hudson, Lane and Pullen (2005) as ‘… accurate reading of connected text, at a c…………. r… with appropriate p…… ’ (p. 702).2 In other words, reading involves a……. , a……….. and p…… :3
Fluent reading is defined by Hudson, Lane and Pullen (2005) as ‘… accurate reading of connected text, at a conversational rate with appropriate prosody’ (p. 702).2 In other words, reading involves accuracy, automaticity and prosody:3
What is the problem with silent reading?
There is insufficient evidence to suggest that silent reading supports the development of initial reading fluency – though it is obviously beneficial in other ways once children are fluent enough to independently construct meaning as they read.21
What constitutes “… a level of fluency that that allows for confident independent reading..?”
“specifically 110+ WCPM with 99+ per cent accuracy and appropriate prosody.”
Why should we be cautious about ‘doling out praise’ for fluent reading?
It is very …. s…..
“Reading aloud in front of peers can feel very high stakes for a child. In my experience, taking pains to show that this is just another part of the lesson – and not an opportunity for a child to impress you – leads to better engagement from the whole class, particularly those that take a little longer to develop reading fluency. A focus on improvement secured during the lesson and a warm ‘thank you’ to the child who has read aloud is more than enough.”
What is a pictograph?
A picture directly representing an object.
What is a logograph?
Once a symbol begins to represent a spoken word, it is a logograph.
So representing a spoken word with a symbol (not a picture of the thing).
What is a phoneme?
The smallest recognisable unit of spoken sound.
What is a grapheme?
A letter of group of letters that represent a phoneme (and therefore written down).
Why would it be impossible for a person to learn to read in English by simply memorising words as whole units?
Humans can memorise 2000 - 5000 individual symbols … insufficient for representing the entirety of a spoken language.
Combination is required.
Imagine that there was no recurrence in numbers after 9 - the memory required would be vast.
What entities are represented in the equation of the simple view of reading?
Decoding (D) × Language Comprehension (LC) = Reading Comprehension (RC)
Why would it be an error to interpret the simple view of reading as showing that teachers need only concern themselves with children’s ability to decode and their oral language abilities?
Interpreting the simple view of reading as solely focused on decoding and oral language abilities overlooks other critical aspects of reading comprehension, such as vocabulary knowledge, background knowledge, fluency, and comprehension strategies. Ignoring these elements could lead to ineffective instruction and hinder students’ overall reading development.
What is meant by orthography?
The conventional spelling system of a language.
What is the difference between a deep orthography and a shallow orthography?
(p……. g……..)
How far phonemes and graphemes deviate fro one-to-one correspondence.
For example: the grapheme represents different sounds in ‘fork’ and ‘work’.
A deep orthography has a less consistent relationship between letters and sounds, making it harder to predict pronunciation. English is an example, where words like “rough” and “dough” don’t sound like they look.
A shallow orthography has a more consistent letter-sound relationship. In Spanish, for instance, most words are pronounced the way they’re spelled, like “gato” (cat).
