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Materials And Hardware > Non Ferrous Materials > Flashcards

Non Ferrous Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 lightweight materials are commonly used in aircraft?

A

Titanium
Aluminium
Magnesium

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2
Q

Name some advantages of titanium

A

High strength to weight ratio
Temperature resistant
Corrosion resistant
The strength of titanium is equal to steel but 56% of the weight of steel

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3
Q

Name the disadvantages of titanium

A

Easy to ignite

Hard to work with

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4
Q

What precautions must you take when cutting or grinding titanium?

A

Always have a fire extinguisher nearby
Use cutting fluid
Low cutting speed
Use sharp tools and always replace when worn

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5
Q

In what situations must titanium be protected from the atmosphere?

A

In high temperatures

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6
Q

At what temperatures will titanium ignite with the presence of oxygen?

A

1950F or 1065C

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7
Q

At what temperatures will titanium ignite with the presence of nitrogen?

A

1500F or 815C

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8
Q

How do you protect titanium from igniting with oxygen and nitrogen?

A

Heat up the titanium with argon and helium gas

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9
Q

What are some advantages of aluminium?

A

Corrosion resistant

High strength to weight ratio

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10
Q

What are some disadvantages to aluminium?

A

Flammable
Malleable
Hard to work with

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11
Q

What is a property of pure aluminium?

A

It is extremely malleable

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12
Q

How is aluminium identified?

A

Identified by 4 digits

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13
Q

What does the 4 digit system signify?

A

NOT COMPLETED

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14
Q

What is the process called to protect the surface of aluminium?

A

Cladding

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15
Q

What is cladding?

A

A thin layer of pure aluminium with 1% zinc on both sides as a means of corrosion protection

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16
Q

What does the ink print on a material correspond to?

A

The material grain structure

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17
Q

What is the thickness of the clad layer approximately equal to?

A

3-5% of the material thickness

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18
Q

What are examples of strain hardness materials?

A

Non-heat-treatable materials

1100 - pure aluminium
3003 - aluminium with the addition of manganese
5052 - aluminium with the addition of magnesium

19
Q

What is the most common non-heat-treatable material?

A

5052 - aluminium with magnesium

20
Q

What are some examples of heat-treatable aluminium alloys?

A

2011
2017
2024
7075 - aluminium zinc

21
Q

What are the similarities and differences between 2011, 2017, and 2024?

A

They are all aluminium copper alloys but have different alloying elements

22
Q

What is the most common heat-treatable aluminium alloy?

A

2024

23
Q

What are the two types of heat treatment used for aluminium?

A

Annealing and solution heat treatment

24
Q

Describe the process of annealing for aluminium

A

The aluminium alloys are heated to an elevated temperature and are soaked at this temperature for a length of time and are cooled slowly in still air or in a switched off furnace

25
Q

Describe the process of solution heat treatment for aluminium alloys

A

The aluminium alloys are heated in a molten sodium or potassium nitrate bath or a hot-air furnace

26
Q

What is rapid cooling needed after heat treatment and rapid cooling must happen within what?

A

Rapid cooling is necessary as it can cause inter granular corrosion
It must happen within 10 seconds of heat removal

27
Q

How many methods are used to harden aluminium and what are they?

A

3 methods

Cold working
Natural age hardening
Artificial hardening

28
Q

Describe the process of hardening in aluminium

A

When copper is forced to precipitate at grain boundaries and harden the aluminium alloys

29
Q

What type of hardening for aluminium alloys is done at room temperature and takes a period of 7 days?

A

Natural age hardening

30
Q

What type of hardening for aluminium alloys raises the temperature of the alloy between 1200 and 1900 degrees C so it increases precipitation and strength?

A

Artificial hardness

31
Q

How many times can aluminium alloys be treated before scrapped?

A

Maximum of 3 times

32
Q

What are the basic temper states and what they mean?

A

F - as fabricated
O - annealed
H - strain hardened (for non heat treatable)
W - solution heat treated
T - heat treated to produce stable tempers

33
Q

Describe the heat treatment used and the type of hardening method for T3, T4 and T6 aluminium alloys

A

T3 - solution heat treated and cold worked
T4 - solution heat treated and naturally aged
T6 - solution heat treated and artificially hardened

34
Q

What are some advantages of using magnesium?

A

It is lighter than aluminium

High strength to weight ratio

35
Q

What are some disadvantages to magnesium alloys?

A

Easy to corrode
Difficult to work with
Highly flammable

36
Q

What should you put a magnesium alloy out with if it ignites?

A

Dry powder or helium or argon fire extinguisher
Or a bucket of sand

NEVER WATER

37
Q

What system identifies magnesium alloys?

A

ASTM system

38
Q

What does ASTM stand for?

A

American Society for Testing Materials

39
Q

What heat treatments can be used for magnesium alloys?

A

Same as aluminium

Annealing
Hardening
Solution heat treatment

40
Q

What does GLARE stand for?

A

Glass Reinforced Laminate

41
Q

How can glare be tailored to specific applications?

A

Through the alternating layers of fibres

42
Q

What is the difference between annealing and solution heat treatment?

A

Solution heat treatment uses the process of quenching and annealing doesnt

43
Q

What are some properties GLARE has?

A 
Good fatigue resistance
Damage tolerant
Flame resistant
High strength
Good thermal insulation

Materials And Hardware (6 decks)

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