Non Ferrous Materials

Question 1

What 3 lightweight materials are commonly used in aircraft?

Answer 1

Titanium
Aluminium
Magnesium

Question 2

Name some advantages of titanium

Answer 2

High strength to weight ratio
Temperature resistant
Corrosion resistant
The strength of titanium is equal to steel but 56% of the weight of steel

Question 3

Name the disadvantages of titanium

Answer 3

Easy to ignite

Hard to work with

Question 4

What precautions must you take when cutting or grinding titanium?

Answer 4

Always have a fire extinguisher nearby
Use cutting fluid
Low cutting speed
Use sharp tools and always replace when worn

Question 5

In what situations must titanium be protected from the atmosphere?

Answer 5

In high temperatures

Question 6

At what temperatures will titanium ignite with the presence of oxygen?

Answer 6

1950F or 1065C

Question 7

At what temperatures will titanium ignite with the presence of nitrogen?

Answer 7

1500F or 815C

Question 8

How do you protect titanium from igniting with oxygen and nitrogen?

Answer 8

Heat up the titanium with argon and helium gas

Question 9

What are some advantages of aluminium?

Answer 9

Corrosion resistant

High strength to weight ratio

Question 10

What are some disadvantages to aluminium?

Answer 10

Flammable
Malleable
Hard to work with

Question 11

What is a property of pure aluminium?

Answer 11

It is extremely malleable

Question 12

How is aluminium identified?

Answer 12

Identified by 4 digits

Question 13

What does the 4 digit system signify?

Answer 13

NOT COMPLETED

Question 14

What is the process called to protect the surface of aluminium?

Answer 14

Cladding

Question 15

What is cladding?

Answer 15

A thin layer of pure aluminium with 1% zinc on both sides as a means of corrosion protection

Question 16

What does the ink print on a material correspond to?

Answer 16

The material grain structure

Question 17

What is the thickness of the clad layer approximately equal to?

Answer 17

3-5% of the material thickness

Question 18

What are examples of strain hardness materials?

Answer 18

Non-heat-treatable materials

1100 - pure aluminium
3003 - aluminium with the addition of manganese
5052 - aluminium with the addition of magnesium

Question 19

What is the most common non-heat-treatable material?

Answer 19

5052 - aluminium with magnesium

Question 20

What are some examples of heat-treatable aluminium alloys?

Answer 20

2011
2017
2024
7075 - aluminium zinc

Question 21

What are the similarities and differences between 2011, 2017, and 2024?

Answer 21

They are all aluminium copper alloys but have different alloying elements

Question 22

What is the most common heat-treatable aluminium alloy?

Answer 22

2024

Question 23

What are the two types of heat treatment used for aluminium?

Answer 23

Annealing and solution heat treatment

Question 24

Describe the process of annealing for aluminium

Answer 24

The aluminium alloys are heated to an elevated temperature and are soaked at this temperature for a length of time and are cooled slowly in still air or in a switched off furnace

Question 25

Describe the process of solution heat treatment for aluminium alloys

Answer 25

The aluminium alloys are heated in a molten sodium or potassium nitrate bath or a hot-air furnace

Question 26

What is rapid cooling needed after heat treatment and rapid cooling must happen within what?

Answer 26

Rapid cooling is necessary as it can cause inter granular corrosion It must happen within 10 seconds of heat removal

Question 27

How many methods are used to harden aluminium and what are they?

Answer 27

3 methods Cold working Natural age hardening Artificial hardening

Question 28

Describe the process of hardening in aluminium

Answer 28

When copper is forced to precipitate at grain boundaries and harden the aluminium alloys

Question 29

What type of hardening for aluminium alloys is done at room temperature and takes a period of 7 days?

Answer 29

Natural age hardening

Question 30

What type of hardening for aluminium alloys raises the temperature of the alloy between 1200 and 1900 degrees C so it increases precipitation and strength?

Answer 30

Artificial hardness

Question 31

How many times can aluminium alloys be treated before scrapped?

Answer 31

Maximum of 3 times

Question 32

What are the basic temper states and what they mean?

Answer 32

F - as fabricated O - annealed H - strain hardened (for non heat treatable) W - solution heat treated T - heat treated to produce stable tempers

Question 33

Describe the heat treatment used and the type of hardening method for T3, T4 and T6 aluminium alloys

Answer 33

T3 - solution heat treated and cold worked T4 - solution heat treated and naturally aged T6 - solution heat treated and artificially hardened

Question 34

What are some advantages of using magnesium?

Answer 34

It is lighter than aluminium | High strength to weight ratio

Question 35

What are some disadvantages to magnesium alloys?

Answer 35

Easy to corrode Difficult to work with Highly flammable

Question 36

What should you put a magnesium alloy out with if it ignites?

Answer 36

Dry powder or helium or argon fire extinguisher Or a bucket of sand NEVER WATER

Question 37

What system identifies magnesium alloys?

Answer 37

ASTM system

Question 38

What does ASTM stand for?

Answer 38

American Society for Testing Materials

Question 39

What heat treatments can be used for magnesium alloys?

Answer 39

Same as aluminium Annealing Hardening Solution heat treatment

Question 40

What does GLARE stand for?

Answer 40

Glass Reinforced Laminate

Question 41

How can glare be tailored to specific applications?

Answer 41

Through the alternating layers of fibres

Question 42

What is the difference between annealing and solution heat treatment?

Answer 42

Solution heat treatment uses the process of quenching and annealing doesnt

Question 43

What are some properties GLARE has?

Answer 43

``` Good fatigue resistance Damage tolerant Flame resistant High strength Good thermal insulation ```