Non-fatals

Question 1

S.39 CJA 1988 - Assault

Answer 1

AR - causing V to apprehend immediate unlawful personal violence. Words alone can be assault (Constanza).
MR - intention or subjective recklessness to cause the AR (Savage).

Question 2

S.39 CJA 1988 - Battery

Answer 2

AR - infliction of unlawful force on another. Touching clothing is enough (Thomas)
MR - intention or subjective recklessness to cause the AR (Venna)
Injuries - throwing drink at someone, grazes, black eye, scratches, minor bruising, abrasions, swelling, reddening of skin.

Question 3

S.47 OAPA 1861 - ABH

Answer 3

AR - assault or battery causing ABH. An injury so trivial to be wholly insignificant (Chan-Fook). Psychiatric injury can be ABH, must be in fear or distress (DPP v Smith).
MR - intention or subjective recklessness to cause assault or battery (Savage).
Injuries - loss or broken tooth, temporary loss of consciousness, extensive bruising, broken nose, minor fractures, minor cuts, psychiatric injury.

Question 4

S.20 OAPA 1861 - malicious wounding or GBH

Answer 4

AR - wounding or GBH. Wound must break both layers of skin (Eisenhower). GBH means really serious harm (DPP v Smith).
MR - intention or subjective recklessness to cause harm (Mowatt).
Injuries - wounds with substantial blood loss, permanent disfiguration or disability, broken bones, dislocated joints, injuries needing lengthy treatment,
psychiatric injury needing specialist help.

Question 5

S.18 OAPA 1861 - GBH

Answer 5

AR - wounding or GBH (Eisenhower/Smith/Saunders/Burstow).
MR - intention to cause GBH (Belfon/Taylor/Mohan/Woolin).
Injuries - wounds with substantial blood loss, permanent disfiguration or disability, broken bones, dislocated joints, injuries needing lengthy treatment,
psychiatric injury needing specialist help.