Non-fatal offences Flashcards
What is assault and battery charged under?
S.39 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988
Assault AR
Causing someone to fear the immediate application of unlawful force
causing someone to fear the immediate application of unlawful force
Assault AR
Intentionally or recklessly causing someone to fear the immediate application of unlawful force
Assault MR
Assault MR
Intentionally or recklessly causing someone to fear the immediate application of unlawful force
‘Immediate’ does not mean instantaneous but imminent
Smith v Chief Superintendent of Woking Police Station 1983
Smith v Chief Superintendent of Woking Police Station 1983
‘Immediate’ does not mean instantaneous but imminent
Written threatening words can be assault
Constanza 1997
Constanza 1997
Written threatening words can be assault
Misalati 2017
Verbal threatening words can be assault
Verbal threatening words can be assault
Misalati 2017
Lamb 1967
The person being assaulted has to be afraid
The person being assaulted has to be afraid
Lamb 1967
Battery AR
application of unlawful force to another by direct or indirect means
application of unlawful force to another by direct or indirect means
Battery AR
Battery MR
intention or subjective recklessness to apply an unlawful force to another
intention or subjective recklessness to apply an unlawful force to another
Battery MR
Indirect battery
- DPP v K 1990
- Haystead 2000
- Santa-Bermudez 2003
- DPP v K 1990
- Haystead 2000
- Santa-Bermudez 2003
Indirect battery
Direct battery
- Pegram 2019
- Barnes 2004
- Pegram 2019
- Barnes 2004
Direct battery
Pegram 2019
Allowed to make moderate and generally acceptable physical contact with another person to attract their attention
Allowed to make moderate and generally acceptable physical contact with another person to attract their attention
Pegram 2019
Barnes 2004
allowed to commit battery whilst playing a game that involves application of force to other, as participation in the game is considered consent
allowed to commit battery whilst playing a game that involves application of force to other, as participation in the game is considered consent
Barnes 2004
What is S.47
ABH
S.47 AR
assault occasioning actual bodily harm
assault occasioning actual bodily harm
S.47 AR
S.47 MR
Intentionally or recklessly causing someone to apprehend the immediate application of unlawful force
Intentionally or recklessly causing someone to apprehend the immediate application of unlawful force
S.47 MR
T v DPP 2003
Loss of consciousness is sufficient for actual bodily harm
Loss of consciousness is sufficient for actual bodily harm
T v DPP 2003
‘Bodily’ can include identifiable psychiatric harm
- Chan Fook 1994
- Ireland 1997
- Chan Fook 1994
- Ireland 1997
‘Bodily’ can include identifiable psychiatric harm
Silence can be assault
Ireland 1997
Ireland 1997
Silence can be assault
Physical pain is not necessary
- Chan Fook 1994
- Ireland 1997
- Smith 2006
- Chan Fook 1994
- Ireland 1997
- Smith 2006
Physical pain is not necessary
cutting a substantial amount of someone’s hair can be ABH
Smith 2006
Smith 2006
cutting a substantial amount of someone’s hair can be ABH
Consent is invalid if serious harm is intended
- BM 2018
- Brown 1994
- Dica 2004
- BM 2018
- Brown 1994
- Dica 2004
Consent is invalid if serious harm is intended
S. 18 AR
Unlawfully and maliciously wounding or inflicting GBH
Unlawfully and maliciously wounding or inflicting GBH
S. 18 AR
S.18 MR
Unlawfully and maliciously wounding or inflicting GBH with the intention of causing GBH
Unlawfully and maliciously wounding or inflicting GBH with the intention of causing GBH
S.18 MR
S.20 AR
Unlawfully inflicting a wound or GBH
Unlawfully inflicting a wound or GBH
S.20 AR
Burstow 1997
- Cause and inflict are the same
- psychiatric harm can be either GBH or ABH
- Cause and inflict are the same
- psychiatric harm can be either GBH or ABH
Burstow 1997
A wound is a ‘breach of the continuity of the skin’
Eisenhower 1983
Eisenhower 1983
A wound is a ‘breach of the continuity of the skin’
Whether or not ABH or GBH depends on the vulnerability of the victim
Bollom 2004
Bollom 2004
- Whether or not ABH or GBH depends on the vulnerability of the victim
- Must consider whether or not the victim can recover
S.20 maximum sentence
5 years
S.47 maximum sentence
5 years
S.18 maximum sentence
life
Maximum sentence for battery or GBH
6 months or a fine
No difference between ‘serious’ and ‘really serious’
Smith 1961 confirmed in Saunders 1985
Smith 1961 confirmed in Saunders 1985
No difference between ‘serious’ and ‘really serious’
Must consider whether or not the victim can recover
Bollom 2004
Bollom 2004
Must consider whether or not the victim can recover