Non Enzymatic Protein Function Flashcards
the affinity of a ligand and a receptor is measured by
a dissociation contanst, Kd
Kd represents the concentration of ligand that is required for ___
50% binding
Lower Kd indicates _____ affinity
stronger
_____ span the entire bilayer of the membrane allowing for the passage of ions from 1 side of the membrane to the other
ion channels
Ion channels have an ____ pore, which becomes accessible to ions after a _____ in the protein structure that causes the ion channel to open
aqueous, conformational change
proteins can bind certain molecules based on their ___ and ____
affinity and specificity
the affinity determines ____ binds to the protein while specificity determines ____ will bind to the protein
how readily a molecule, which molecule
Antibodies are protein molecules that are involved in the ______ of the body.
immune system
antibodies bind to specific ____ on pathogens, ____ these extracellular pathogens, and neutralize them by _____ on the pathogen that ______.
antigens, coat, blocking key sites, enhance their infectivity
cytotoxic T-cell-mediated approach of _____ that are already ____ to prevent the progression of an ______.
killing cells, infected, established infection
The neutralized antibody-coated pathogens can then be ____ by the ____ and eliminated in ____
filtered, spleen, urine or feces
Antibodies are _____ proteins produced by ____ that are used by the immune system to ___ and ____ foreign objects, such as ___ and ____.
large, B-cells, identify, neutralize, bacteria, viruses
The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target known as an ___
antigen
Each tip of the antibody (protein) contains a ____ that is specific for one particular ___ on an antigen (foreign body) –>. analogous to a lock and key
paratope, epitope
Using the paratope-epitope binding mechanism, an antibody can _____ a microbe or an infected cell for ___ by the immune system
tag, destruction
The Ig monomer of an antibody is a __ -shaped molecule that consists of ___ polypeptide chains: ___ identical ___ chains and __ identical __ chains
Y, 4, 2 heavy, 2 light
The ____ region of an antibody determines the class of an immunoglobulin
constant
A small region at the tip of the protein is extremely variable, known as the ____ region. Each of these variants can bind to a _____.
hypervariable, different antigen
In muscle contraction, ____ filaments bind to ___ filaments in the muscles and as ___ releases a ____ molecule it changes shape moving the ___ filament with it. The ___ filament then returns to its resting position using the ____ of ___.
myosin, actin, myosin, phosphate, actin, myosin, hydrolysis of ATP
Kinesins move along microtubule filaments in an ____ direction (___ to ___) to ___ within the cell
anterograde, center to periphery, transport cargo
dyneins move along microtubule filaments in a _____ direction (___ to ___) to transport various ____.
retrograde, (periphery to center), cellular cargos
Motor proteins aid in movement through ____ ATP hydrolysis that causes _____ in these proteins
exergonic, conformation change
Kinesin is present in the cell and helps in the movement of ___ during ___ as well as in the movement of ___ in the cell
chromosomes, cell division, vesicles
Dynein helps in the movement of _____ like ___ and ____.
single cell appendages, cilia, flagella
