Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Question 1

Non-defining relative clauses

Answer 1

• Between commas, parentheses or dashes. They have their own intonation pattern.
• _Don’t restrict the reference of the antecedent_
• Cannot be introduced by ‘that‘.

Question 2

Apposition

Answer 2

• 2 NP’s next to each other
• Non-defining relative clauses can be reduced to a NP in apposition
• The reduced clause takes away the wh-element and the verb
  Ex: “John, who is the president of the company, gave the speech.
  → “John, the president of the company, gave the speech.

Question 3

NDRC to Adverbial Clause

Answer 3

• If apposition doesn’t work, can be paraphrased into an A. A. of ______
  Ex: “John, who broke the window, will have to pay for it.”
  → “John will have to pay for it because he broke the window”.

Question 4

NDRC to Coordinate Clauses

Answer 4

• We can paraphrase the clause into a coordinated clause by using the coordinating conjunction ‘and‘.
  Ex: “Then he met Barbara, who invited him to a party.
  →”(Then he met Barbara), and (she invited him to a party)”

Question 5

Non-defining relative pronouns

Answer 5

-Who, whose and which
- Cannot be omitted if not paraphrased.

Question 6

Non-defining relative Adjectives

Answer 6

• Whose and which
  Ex: “Beethoven, <whose music you have listened to>, was one of…”

Question 7

Non-defining relative Adverbs

Answer 7

• Where and when.