Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards
what are risk factors
things that are linked to an increase in the likelihood that a person will develop a certain disease during their lifetime
do risk factors guarantee that someone will get the disease
no
what are some examples of risk factors being unavoidable
- a persons age or gender can make them more likely to get a disease
- and they cant control this
what diseases are smoking a major risk factor of
- cardiovascular diseases
- any disease associated with the heart or blood vessels
- like a heart attack or stroke
why is smoking such a major risk factor to cardiovascular diseases
- nicotine in cigarettes increases your heart rate which increases blood pressure
- high blood pressure damages artery walls
- which contributes to the build up of fatty deposits in the arteries
- these deposits restrict blood flow and increase the risk of a heart attack or stroke
what other thing does smoking increase the risk of regarding the cardiovascular system
- blood clots forming in arteries
- which can restrict or block blood flow
- leading to a heart attack or stroke
what are two other examples of lifestyle factors that are associated with different diseases
- a diet with too many or too few nutrients leading to malnutrition
- not getting enough exercise and having a diet high in fat and sugar
what can malnutrition lead to
- scurvy
- or vitamin c deficiency disease
what can not getting enough exercise and having a diet high in fat and sugar lead to
obesity
what is drinking alcohol a major risk factor of and how does it lead to those diseases
- it is a major risk factor for the development of liver diseases like cirrhosis
- because alcohol is broken down by enzymes in the liver and some of the products are toxic
- drinking too much over a long period of time can cause permanent liver damage
what are many non-communicable disease usually caused by in the real world
- several different risk factors interacting with each other rather than one factor alone
- such as cancer, liver and lung diseases and obesity
how can non-communicable diseases have knock-on effects for local areas
- in areas where there are high levels of obesity, smoking pr excess alcohol consumption
- theres likely to be a high occurrence of certain non communicable diseases
- such as cardiovascular disease or liver disease
- this can put pressure on the resources of local hospitals
why are non-communicable diseases costly on a national level
- because the National Health Service provides the resources for the treatment of patients all over the UK
- and sometimes people suffering from a non-communicable disease may not be able to work
- and the reduction of people able to work and affect a countrys economy
what other than price is a major problem with non-communicable diseases
- they are very common
- cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide
- in developing countries, malnutrition is a big problem
- as people are not able to access enough food
how could non-communicable disease have an effect on a global level
the high cost and occurrence of these diseases and hold back the development of a country
