Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

what are risk factors

A

things that are linked to an increase in the likelihood that a person will develop a certain disease during their lifetime

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2
Q

do risk factors guarantee that someone will get the disease

A

no

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3
Q

what are some examples of risk factors being unavoidable

A
  • a persons age or gender can make them more likely to get a disease
  • and they cant control this
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4
Q

what diseases are smoking a major risk factor of

A
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • any disease associated with the heart or blood vessels
  • like a heart attack or stroke
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5
Q

why is smoking such a major risk factor to cardiovascular diseases

A
  • nicotine in cigarettes increases your heart rate which increases blood pressure
  • high blood pressure damages artery walls
  • which contributes to the build up of fatty deposits in the arteries
  • these deposits restrict blood flow and increase the risk of a heart attack or stroke
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6
Q

what other thing does smoking increase the risk of regarding the cardiovascular system

A
  • blood clots forming in arteries
  • which can restrict or block blood flow
  • leading to a heart attack or stroke
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7
Q

what are two other examples of lifestyle factors that are associated with different diseases

A
  • a diet with too many or too few nutrients leading to malnutrition
  • not getting enough exercise and having a diet high in fat and sugar
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8
Q

what can malnutrition lead to

A
  • scurvy

- or vitamin c deficiency disease

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9
Q

what can not getting enough exercise and having a diet high in fat and sugar lead to

A

obesity

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10
Q

what is drinking alcohol a major risk factor of and how does it lead to those diseases

A
  • it is a major risk factor for the development of liver diseases like cirrhosis
  • because alcohol is broken down by enzymes in the liver and some of the products are toxic
  • drinking too much over a long period of time can cause permanent liver damage
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11
Q

what are many non-communicable disease usually caused by in the real world

A
  • several different risk factors interacting with each other rather than one factor alone
  • such as cancer, liver and lung diseases and obesity
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12
Q

how can non-communicable diseases have knock-on effects for local areas

A
  • in areas where there are high levels of obesity, smoking pr excess alcohol consumption
  • theres likely to be a high occurrence of certain non communicable diseases
  • such as cardiovascular disease or liver disease
  • this can put pressure on the resources of local hospitals
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13
Q

why are non-communicable diseases costly on a national level

A
  • because the National Health Service provides the resources for the treatment of patients all over the UK
  • and sometimes people suffering from a non-communicable disease may not be able to work
  • and the reduction of people able to work and affect a countrys economy
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14
Q

what other than price is a major problem with non-communicable diseases

A
  • they are very common
  • cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide
  • in developing countries, malnutrition is a big problem
  • as people are not able to access enough food
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15
Q

how could non-communicable disease have an effect on a global level

A

the high cost and occurrence of these diseases and hold back the development of a country

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