Non Cognivitism

Question 1

Non-cog

Answer 1

Moral judgements express non-cog mental states, dont aim to describe reality and not capable of being false-true
Anti realist and include emotivism and prescriptivism
Dont believe in existence of moral properties that would make moral statements true or false

Question 2

A.J. Ayer

Answer 2

Ethical statements are meaningless as neither empirically verifiable or true by def. (Analytical) - verification principle
Only emotional ejaculations e.g. murder is wrong like saying Boo! Murder! Merely express approval/disapproval.

Question 3

Emotivism

Answer 3

Ayer and Hume = Emotivism
State moral judgements express feelings of approval/disapproval so when people say murder is wrong saying boo! Murder!
Aren’t beliefs as can’t be true or false
Hume- moral judgements aren’t judgements for reason as dont motivate us to act in a certain way, instead emotions and desires motivate us.
Essentially moral judgements motivate us but judgements of reason dont

Question 4

Prescriptivism

Answer 4

Moral judgements express instructions that aim to guid behaviour
Murder is wrong means dont murder ppl.
When you instruct someone to do something, not expressing a belief that can be true/false so non-cog
R.M. Hare: agrees with emotivism but said moral judgements main point is to guide conduct