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Non-Clinical Flashcards

1
Q

State Board of Nursing

A

Enforces the state’s nurse practice act

Formal governmental agency that regulates nursing practice

Legal authority to license, monitor and discipline nurses

Ability to revoke a nurse’s license

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2
Q

State Nurse Practice Act

A

Each state has its own regulations regarding education requirements and scope of practice

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3
Q

National Provider Identifier (NPI)

A

Unique 10-digit I number used to identify health care providers or any entity that bills Medicare/Medicaid.

Issued through the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

Drug Enforcement Administration Number (DEA)

A

Allows providers to write prescriptions for controlled substances and is a way for the DEA to track provider prescriptions and monitor potential fraud and abuse.

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6
Q

Levels of Evidence… HIGH to LOW

A

Meta Analysis
Systematic Review
Randomized controlled trial
Experimental study
Cohort study
Case report/series
Opinions and editorials

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7
Q

Meta Analysis

A

Statistical method that combines data from multiple studies, resulting in higher statistical power and a single conclusion

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8
Q

Systematic Review

A

A literature review that identifies, selects and analyzes multiple research articles regarding a specific health topic.
Studies are graded A to D. A being the best and D being the worst.
The studies graded the best are used for a meta analysis.

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9
Q

Randomized Controlled Trial

A

Subjects are randomly assigned to either the control or treatment group.
A double blind study is when the patient, the clinician and/or researches do not know the assigned groups.

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10
Q

Experimental study

A

Generally, random subject selection to receive placebo or control and one or more intervention.

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11
Q

Cohort study

A

Type of research that is focused on identifying risk factors and associations (not causation).
This is not an experiment.

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12
Q

Case report/Series

A

Detailed report of one patient with a health condition (report).
A series of case reports that involves a series of individuals who received similar treatment (case series)

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13
Q

Opinions and editorials

A

The weakest form of evidence.
May contain bias and may be based on solid evidence.

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14
Q

Beneficence

A

To remove harm and promote good

Example: Advising a patient to quit smoking

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15
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

The obligation to avoid/do no harm

Example: Not prescribing ACE inhibitors and ARBs concurrently because of compounding risks.

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16
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Act in a way that is beneficial to the majority

Example: Allocating ventilators to those who have the highest likelihood of survival.

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17
Q

Justice

A

Lack of bias. Fair and equitable distribution of societal resources

Example: A homeless patient is treated the same way as a patient from a wealthy home.

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18
Q

Dignity

A

Ethical and respectful treatment… “Dignified treatment:

Example: Providing a patient privacy to change, only exposing the body parts being examined.

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19
Q

Fidelity

A

Dedication and loyalty to one’s patients, keeping one’s promise.

Example: Calling the patient with their results as you promised.

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20
Q

Confidentiality

A

Ethical principle or legal right that a health care professional will keep information private

Example: The HIPAA privacy rule

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21
Q

Autonomy

A

Mentally competent adult patients have the right to make their own health decisions and express treatment preferences

Example: A competent patient declines chemotherapy

22
Q

Accountability

A

Being held responsible for your actions

Example: Admitting to a medication error and being held accountable with an employer

23
Q

Veracity

A

The obligation to present information honestly and truthfully

Example: Discussing a cancer diagnosis and life expectancy honestly with a patient

24
Q

Sensitivity

A

A tests ability to identify people with a disease as positive.

“True Truth” (Diagnosis is truly true)

Example: The PHQ9 (depression screening) has an 88% sensitivity for the diagnosis of unipolar depression.

25
Specificity
A tests ability to identify people without a disease as negative “False Truth” (Diagnosis is truly false) Example: Abdominal CT scan using contrast has a 99% specificity for the diagnosis of diverticulitis.
26
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Law that protects against the use of disclosure of individuals health information Exceptions? - Consulting with the health insurance company funding the medical care - Contact a third-party that manages payment of services - To perform specific healthcare roles such as medical service review and auditing - To contact a collection agency in regards to outstanding balances - Consult with other healthcare professionals and experts - To report abuse, neglect or domestic violence.
27
Cultural Competence
Ability of providers and organizations to effectively deliver health care services that meet the sonically, cultural, and linguistic needs of patients and their respective cultures
28
Muslims?
Females prefer female providers May not be alone with males who are not family members Female patient may refuse to undress
29
Hispanic/Latino?
“Mal Ojo” or the “evil eye” is a folk illness caused by a person who stares at another with envy
30
Chinese?
Yin is female, Yang is male Acupuncture and cupping correct energy imbalances Cupping will relate large round reddened marks or bruises Coining is when a coin is rubbed vigorously on the skin and create welts
31
Jehovah’s witnesses?
Do not believe in blood transfusions (Believe blood is sacred)
32
Primary Prevention
Purpose to prevent a disease from occurring, or remove risk factor Example: Immunizations, wearing a bike helmet.
33
Secondary prevention
Emphasizes early disease detection… “screening” Example: Pap smear screening, mammography and blood pressure measurement
34
Tertiary prevention
Aims to reduce the severity of the disease as well as any of its associated complications or seuelae Example: Rehabilitation and physical therapy
35
Medicare Part A
This is automatic at 65 years old, if the patient was employed and paid their premiums Provides inpatient and hospital coverage. Skilled nursing facility (SNF), home health care and hospice care Also covers individuals with end stage renal disease at any age
36
Medicare Part B
Voluntary program with monthly premiums that provides outpatient medical coverage Provider services, durable medical equipment (DME), home health services, ambulance services, preventative services, therapy services, mental health services, X-rays, lab tests, chiropractic care, and select prescription drugs.
37
Medicare Part C
Provided by private health insurance companies that are approved by Medicare Covers inpatient, outpatient and come prescription drugs and additional services such as vision and dental
38
Medicare Part D
Provides prescription drug coverage Most plans have their own list of what drugs are covered, called a formulary.
39
What is not covered by Medicare?
Alternative medicines, most healthcare outside of the US, cosmetic surgery, most dental and vision care, hearing, personal care, custodial care, long term nursing home care, non-medical services, most non-emergency transportation services, and certain preventative serivces.
40
Hospice eligibility
When a patient is entering the last weeks to months of life. The patients and their families/decision-makers decide to forego disease modifying therapies and curative treatment and instead focus on comfort and quality of life.
41
Incidence
The rate of new cases of a disease occurring in a specific population over a particular period of time.
42
Prevalence
The number of cases of a disease in a specific population at a particular time, or over a specified period of time.
43
ICD-10 (International classification of disease, 10th edition)
Each disease and diagnosis is assigned a specific ICD-10 code
44
CPT Code
Five digit code to identify medical procedures such as suturing and incision and drainage.
45
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO)
Patients are provided a primary care provider and have a set copay per visit. The PCP must approve referrals and the patient is limited to providers who are enrolled in the HMO’s network.
46
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
The patient chooses their own PCP and referrals are not needed to specialists within their network.
47
Informed Consent
Permission granted in the knowledge of the possible risks and benefits and the patient agrees.
48
Durable Medical Power of Attorney
A legal document that designates a person to make future healthcare decisions in the event the patient is unable to make the decisions themselves. This goes into effect once the patient’s health care provider determines the patient is incompetent to make their own decisions.
49
Advance directive
A living well… Written statement of a person’s wishers regarding medical treatment made to ensure those wishes are carried out should be the person be unable to communicate them,
50
Reportable disease to the department of health
Anthrax Botulism Chlamydia Diphtheria Gonorrhea Hepatitis HIV Lyme Disase Measles Mumps Pertussis Rabies Rubella Salmonella Syphillis Tuberculosis Zika Virus

AANP/ANCC (17 decks)

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