non-blood

Question 1

liquid or semiliquid substances produced by the body

• found within various organs and body spaces

Answer 1

Non-blood specimens

Question 2

Non-blood specimens examples

Answer 2

urine
saliva
CSF
bone marrow aspirate
amniotic fluid
breath samples
. synovial fluid
tissue specimens
serous fluids
feces/stool
sputum
oropharyngeal swab and
nasopharyngeal swab
semen

Question 2

Roles of the phlebotomist:

Answer 2

• Specimen collection
• Gives instruction
• Labeling or transporting the specimens to the laboratory
• Processing

Question 3

• Labeling or transporting the specimens to the laboratory

Answer 3

• verify proper labeling before accepting a specimen for
  transport

Question 4

Specimen collection

Answer 4

• throat swab collection

Question 5

Gives instruction

Answer 5

• Urine collection
• Stool/feces collection

Question 6

• Processing

Answer 6

accessioning and preparing the specimen for testing

Question 7

Labeling

Answer 7

*Name, date and time of collection
type and/or source of the specimen

Question 8

labelling rules

Answer 8

pasted on the container, not the lid
* various handling requirements
* all body substances are potentially infectious
* standard precautions must be observed

Question 9

Most frequently analyzed non-blood body fluid

Answer 9

Urine

Question 10

• Readily available, easy to collect, & inexpensive to test

Answer 10

Urine

Question 10

URINE Its analysis can aid in:

Answer 10

• 1. Monitoring wellness
• 2. Diagnosis & treatment of UTI
• 3 Detection & monitoring the progress of treatment in
  metabolic disease
• 4 Determining effectiveness or complications of
  therapy

Question 11

Urine
* Accurate results depend on:

Answer 11

• collection method
• container used
  *specimen transportation and handling
• timeliness of testing

Question 12

*screens for urinary and systemic disorders
* part of a physical examination

Answer 12

Routine Urinalysis (UA)

Question 12

• most commonly requested urine test

Answer 12

Routine Urinalysis (UA)

Question 13

Physical analysis/ macroscopic observation

Answer 13

• Color
• Clarity
• Specific gravity (SG)
  (urinometry and refractometry methods)
• Odor
• Volume
• Osmolality (SG and osmolality indicate urine conc.)

Question 13

Routine urinalysis includes

Answer 13

• Physical
• Chemical
• Microscopic analysis of the urine specimen

Question 14

contains pads impregnated with test reagents

Answer 14

Routine Urinalysis (UA)
* II. Chemical analysis

Question 15

what indicate urine conc

Answer 15

SG and osmolality

Question 16

• plastic reagent strip (dipstick)
• Special timing

Answer 16

Routine Urinalysis (UA)
* II. Chemical analysis

Question 16

Routine Urinalysis (UA)
* II. Chemical analysis

Answer 16

• Bacteria, bilirubin, blood glucose, ketones,
  leukocytes, nitrite, protein, and urobilinogen

Question 17

Routine Urinalysis (UA)
* II. Chemical analysis measure?

Answer 17

pH and SG

Question 18

Routine Urinalysis (UA)
* II. Chemical analysis Results are reported as

Answer 18

Negative, trace, 1+, 2+, 3+ , 4+

Question 19

supernatant is discarded

Answer 19

Routine Urinalysis (UA)
*III. Microscopic analysis

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 19

READ EACH TEST AT THE APPROPRIATE TIME INTERVAL USING THE DIPSTICK ANALYSIS CHART (TESTS REQUIRE DIFFERING AMOUNTS OF TIME TO COMPLETE)

Question 20

* urine is centrifuged

Answer 20

Routine Urinalysis (UA) *III. Microscopic analysis

Question 21

* a drop of sediment is placed on a glass slide, covered with coverslip * examined under the microscope * cells, crystals, and microorganisms

Answer 21

Routine Urinalysis (UA) *III. Microscopic analysis

Question 23

transported to the laboratory promptly

Answer 23

Urine Collection

Question 23

example of microscopic analysis

Answer 23

Calcium Oxalate Crystals Uric Acid Crystals Cystine Crystals Struvite Crystals

Question 24

WBCs and bacteria in urine

Answer 24

UTI:

Question 25

Urine Collection * room temp. & protected from light =up to ___ * Specimens held longer should be __

Answer 25

2 hrs ; refrigerated

Question 25

Urine Collection culture & sensitivity (C&S)

Answer 25

sterile

Question 26

Urine culture and sensitivity

Answer 26

* to confirm urinary tract infection (UTI) * measured urine on a special nutrient medium * incubate it for 18 to 24 hours (35- 37OC) * check for bacterial growth Significant: Bacterial Count > 100,000 cfu/ml

Question 26

* Container: clear, dry * chemically clean * with tight-fitting lids

Answer 26

Urine Collection

Question 27

If a microorganism is identified, a ____ is performed to determine which antibiotics will be effective against the microorganism

Answer 27

sensitivity or antibiotic susceptibility test

Question 28

* Papanicolaou (PAP) stain * presence of abnormal cells under a microscope

Answer 28

Urine Cytology Studies

Question 28

* to detect cancer, cytomegalovirus, and other viral and inflammatory diseases of the UT *smear containing cells from the UT

Answer 28

Urine Cytology Studies

Question 28

fresh clean-catch specimen * examined as soon after collection as possible

Answer 28

Urine Cytology Studies

Question 29

Urine Cytology Studies preservation:

Answer 29

equal volume of 50% alcohol