Non-Big 8

Question 1

micofilaments (actin)

Answer 1

component of muscles that forms the core of microvilli

Question 2

microvilli

Answer 2

finger-like projections that increase the cell surface area for absorption and diffusion

Question 3

microtubules (tubulin)

Answer 3

tubulin is the protein at the core of microtubules, flagella, cilia. microtubules form the spindle apparatus that pulls chromosomes away from each other during cell division. Cilia and flagella aid in cell motility

Question 4

intermediate filaments

Answer 4

connect the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane, providing a transport system for organelles within the cytoplasm and providing resistance against external pressure on the cell

Question 5

binuclear cells

Answer 5

hepatocytes, cardiac muscle, epithelial cells of the urinary tract are all binuclear

Question 6

multinuclear cells

Answer 6

osteoclasts and skeletal muscle cells are multinuclear

Question 7

anuclear cells

Answer 7

RBCs are the only anuclear cells in the body

Question 8

cytoplasmis basophilia

Answer 8

as number of ribsomes increase during cell growth, the cytoplasm becomes more acidic and binds better to basic stains (ex. hematoxylin) causing the cytoplasm to appear more blue/purple (known as Nissl substance in neurons)

Question 9

Gap junctions

Answer 9

connect cytoplasm of neighbouring cells through channels (connexons), allows rapid electrical communication via ion flow between cells (important in cardiac and nervous tissue)

Question 10

Tight junctions (zonula occludens)

Answer 10

zonula occludens act as a belt that wraps around the cell, serve as barrier that cells have to pass through (ex. blood-aqueous and blood-retinal barriers)

Question 11

adherens junctions: zonula adherens, macular adherens

Answer 11

composed of fibres (tonofilaments within a mucoprotein substance) that interweave one cell to another, providing structural support

Question 12

zonula adherens

Answer 12

belt-like junction that is similar to zonula occludens but with a narrow space bw the cells

Question 13

macular adherens (desmosomes)

Answer 13

functions like a “spot weld” providing concentrated support in ONE location

Question 14

hemidesmosomes

Answer 14

connect basal cell layers to the underlying basement membrane. the only type of cell junction that doesn’t connect cell to cell and does not provide structural support