Nominative and Vocative Cases

Question 1

1st Declension Singular

Answer 1

a.

Question 2

1st Declension Plural

Answer 2

ae

Question 3

2nd Declension Singular

Answer 3

-us, -er, -um

Question 4

2nd Declension Plural

Answer 4

-ī

Question 5

subject

Answer 5

o The most common use of the nominative is the most basic function a noun can have: the subject of a sentence, the person or thing doing the main action.

Example: Caecilius slaps Quintus. The cow jumped over the moon.

Caecilius Quintum depalmat. vacca super lunā saluit.

Question 6

Predicate Nominative

Answer 6

You also use the nominative in the predicate if it is renaming or re-describing the subject, following a form of the verb “be” – in other words, if you’re just saying it IS the same thing as the subject.

Example: Caecilius is a banker. Cleopatra was queen of Egypt.

Caecilius est argentarius. Cleopatra erat regina Aegypti.

Question 7

The Vocative Case

Answer 7

The vocative case looks exactly the same as the nominative in all cases EXCEPT for nouns in the second declension. 2nd declension nouns that end in “-us” in the nominative will end in “-e” in the vocative. 2nd declension nouns that end in “-ius” in nominative will end in “-ī” in the vocative.

Question 8

What It’s Used For:

Answer 8

The vocative is the case you use when you are speaking directly to someone, whether talking to them by name or calling them something other than their name.

Example:

Rufilla, how are you feeling today? Maximus, kill the gladiator! Salvius, you are stupid.

Rufilla, quo modo sentis hodie? Maxime, neca gladiatorem! Salvī, stultus es.