Nominal Chain (Foxvog)

Question 1

dumu+Ø

Answer 1

‘the son’ (object)–base noun (BN) + absolutive case

Question 2

dumu+(a)ni+Ø

Answer 2

‘his/her son’: BN + possessive + absolutive

Question 3

dumu+(a)ni+e

Answer 3

‘by his/her son’, etc: BN + possessive + ergative

Question 4

dumu+bi+e

Answer 4

‘by that son’ (WR: dumu-bé) demonstrative + ergative

Question 5

dumu+(e)ne+Ø

Answer 5

‘the sons’: plural + absolutive

Question 6

dumu dumu+Ø

Answer 6

‘all the sons’: reduplications + absolutive

Question 7

dumu tur+ra

Answer 7

‘for the small son’: adjective + dative

Question 8

dumu tur+(a)ni+Ø

Answer 8

‘his/her small son’: adjective + possessive + absolutive

Question 9

dumu tur+bi+ra

Answer 9

‘for that small son’: adjective + demonstrative + dative

Question 10

dumu tur+(e)ne+ra

Answer 10

‘for the small sons’: adjective + plural + dative

Question 11

dumu+(a)ni+(e)ne+ra

Answer 11

‘for his/her small sons’ (dumu-né-ne-ra): possessive + plural + dative

Question 12

dumu tur+bi+(e)ne+da

Answer 12

‘with those small sons’ (dumu tur-bé-ne-da): adjective + demonstrative + plural + comitative